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The bulk of （most of）international trade is done in the general mode of buying and lling of goods and rvices by means of money and the market. Under specific conditions, however, special modes of transactions may be adopted (ud) to better realize one’s business purpos. Among them, 两个人的爱情counter trade and its variants (different forms) are perhaps the most popular modes of trade.
Counter trade is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly (据说孝经全文) popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies （中央计划型经济）. It has become the generic term to describe a t of cross-border contracts that link a ller’s exports to imports from the buyer, and it is often associated with policy objectives of relevant economies like dealing with foreign exchange shortages and promotion of exports（扩大出口）.
Methodology
Mathematics
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The terminology counter trade 过兰亭employed (ud) today can be traced to (date back) the pre-World War II years when normal trade relations were breaking down (Great Depression). Following German hyperinflation，competitive devaluations (竞争性贬值一览无余什么意思) and protectionism meant a global 军语collap in trade and in international financial and banking markets. Unwilling to e Germany cut off from its traditional raw material supplies in the Balkans（巴尔干地区）, the Reichsbank agreed to the establishment of a clearing system （清算系统） that ttled （结算）only net positions （实际头寸）- and only once a year - a measure that permitted traditional trade flows between Germany and the Balkans to continue. The arrangements were called compensation trade. Another term ud in the context of such bilateral clearing operations was “counter trade”. During and after World War II, when financial markets were in disarray（in disorder）, Britain ud similar bilateral arrangements, as did Western Europe when tting up the European Payment Union. Subquently (later) the countries of centrally planned economies copied such clearing systems and ud them among themlves and also in trade with neighboring countries like Finland. Conceptually, all the arrangements are tr
ade credit accounts (坝上贸易信贷往来账户) between familiar trading partners exchanging unrelated goods.
