大骗局
考研英语(二)分类真题9
(总分100,考试时间90分钟)
Reading Comprehension
Part A歌曲梅花
Text 1
Genetics may determine to what extent you"re swayed by the alcohol consumption of people around you. A study published in a recent issue of Psychological Science found that people with a particular genetic profile are far more likely than others without the gene to drink more when they e someone el drinking heavily. The finding is quite meaningful and illustrates "how much genetics determines drinking patterns of individuals expod to other drinkers," said psychiatrist Dr. Marc Galanter of New York University Langone Medical Center.
The study focud on different versions of a receptor for the neurotransmitter dopamine, which controls feelings of pleasure. Previous work had shown that one form of this receptor, which contains a ries of ven repeats of the same DNA quence, is associated with incread alcohol cravings in a variety of situations.
To e if this DNA influenced reactions to social drinking situations, Helle Larn of Radboud University Nijmegen in the Netherlands, recruited young adult volunteers—allegedly to watch and evaluate TV commercials between 4 and 9 pm in a tting that rembled a typical Dutch pub. However, Larn"s real objective was to e how many drinks each person consumed during the study"s break times. The rearchers also collected DNA samples from each participant to e which version of the dopamine receptor they possd.
Larn and her colleagues found that people with the ven-repeat version of the dopamine receptor were far more likely than tho with a different version to drink heavily when they saw others doing so. The rearchers suggest that individuals with this particu
lar genetic background are much more nsitive to others" drinking behaviors. It"s not clear why this particular version of the dopamine receptor might trigger incread responsiveness to others" drinking, although some rearchers have speculated that people with this receptor are less nsitive to dopamine"s actions and so are likely to drink more to try to feel its pleasurable effects.
The authors also noted that eing others drink lightly didn"t boost the urge to drink more in tho with the receptor; only witnessing heavy drinking triggered the desire. While emphasizing that the results are preliminary and need replication, the authors said the study tup simulated a real-life situation, similar to that faced in a bar, restaurant or at a party. Individuals with this genetic propensity may have to avoid many social drinking situations if they wish to curb their own alcohol intake.
Social psychologist Henry Wechsler, of the Harvard School of Public Health, cautioned that a couple of aspects of the experiment may have influenced the results, however. The drinks offered during the study were free, but "studies have shown that price has a signifi
cant effect on drinking behavior," he said. Also, it"s possible that the participants" behavior was altered becau they thought of themlves as being under the watch of "responsible scientists," he said. "They may consider themlves protected from harms associated with heavy drinking."
女巫的故事1. The new study shows that the respon to social drinking situations ______
A. is triggered by specific DNA patterns
B. is determined by complicated social factors
C. is caud by the neurotransmitter dopamine
D. reflects a failure to control feelings of pleasure
2. It can be inferred from the text that Helle Larn ______
A. let the subjects watch heavy drinking scenes on TV
B. isolated veral versions of a DNA quence郑州到云南
C. had built her rearch on previous findings
神圣的意思D. ignored the age of the participants for the study
3. Some people are more nsitive to others" drinking probably becau ______
A. the sight of others drinking excited their pleasurable feelings苏轼
B. they have hidden their drinking behaviors before
C. the DNA they posss makes the dopamine more active
位的组词D. they need to drink more to get feelings of pleasure
4. The word "propensity" (Para. 5) probably means ______
A. structure B. information
C. inclination D. behavior
5. According to Wechsler, the result of the study might be biad in that ______
A. the rearchers made the situation too similar to the bar
B. the subjects knew that they were engaged in an experiment
C. some students knew that they were tested for heavy drinking
D. the rearchers only cho the subjects with a certain DNA type
Text 2
高中生社会实践
One major reason for Germany"s high unemployment and the evident weakness of business investment is the nature of the tax system, which tends to discourage both individual effort and investment. Nominal corporate tax rates are, in fact, very high and it is the rates that potential investors primarily look at. However, the actual burden borne by companies is not as great as it might em, becau the tax ba is fairly narrow. **bination in itlf tends to encourage tax avoidance at both the personal and corporate levels. Moreover, by international standards, firms in Germany are still taxed quite heavily.
