英国
Renaissance：The term originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman) arts and sciences after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism(蒙昧主义）. Humanism is the esnce of Renaissance. The real mainstream of English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with William Shakespeare being the leading dramatist.
Humanism: Humanism is the esnce of the Renaissance. It emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the prent life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the univer and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the prent life, but had the ability to perfect himlf and to perform wonders.
Romance: Any imagination literature that is t in an idealized world and deals with heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters. Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loves and adventures of kings, knights and ladies, and including unlikely or supernatural happenings. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the best of medieval romances.
University Wits: University Wits refers to a group of scholars during the Elizabethan Age who graduated from either Oxford or Cambridge. They came to London with the ambition to become professional writers. Some of them later became famous poets and playwrights. They were called “University Wits”. Christopher Marlowe is the most gifted of the University Wits.
Metaphysical Poetry: Metaphysical poetry is a derogatory(贬义的）term invented by John Dryden and later adopted by Samuel Johnson describing a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by bold(大胆的) and ingenious (有独创性的）conceits, imagery, complexity of thought, frequent u of paradox. The main themes are love, death, and religion. The chief reprentative of this school was John Donne.
Cavalier Poets: The cavaliers are royalists, who poetry was marked by courtliness, urbanity(雅致，礼貌）, and polish（优雅）. They were lyrical poets, and dealt chiefly with the theme of love and the theme of “carpe diem”lv包真假(及时行乐）. The chief reprentative of this school was Ben Jonson.
Neoclassicism: A revival in the 17th and 18th centuries of classical standards of order , balance, and harmony in literature, John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents of the neoclassical school.
British Romanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century, beginning as a revolt against classicism. Romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty. The English Romantic period is an age of poetry. Characteristics: subjectivism; spontaneity; singularity; worship of nature; simplicity.
听风说Modernism: It is an international movement in literature and arts, especially in literary criticism, which began in the late 19th century. Modernism takes the irrational philosophy(非理性哲学) and the theory of psycho-analysis(精神分析) as its theoretical ba. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private and subjunctive than on the public and objective, mainly concerned with the inner of an individual. The characteristics of modernists writings are as below: complexity and obscurity(晦涩); the u of symbols; allusion; irony.
二手房买卖合同通用版江南扇舞Stream of consciousness:“Stream-of-Consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. It was first ud by the Irish novelist James Joyce.Tho novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted(模糊的）, distracted（心烦意乱的） and illusory（错觉的） psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings（沉思） of the narrators. Time quences were often dislocated. The reader feels himlf to be a participant in the stories, rather than an obrver. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.
Black Humor: It is mostly employed to describe baleful(恶意的), naive, or inept(笨拙的) characters in a fantastic or horrible modern world playing out their roles in a“ tragic farce(
闹剧)”， in which the events are often simultaneous comic, horrifying, and absurd. Joph Heller’ s Catch-22 can be taken as an example of the employment of this technique.
儿童学围棋The Theater of the Absurd: 包装礼盒制作It refers to a kind of drama that explains an existential ideology and prents a view of the absurdity of the human condition by abandoning of usual or rational devices and the u of nonrealistic form.
拉小提琴
The Angry Young Man: The Angry Young Men is a journalistic catchphra(标语) applied to a number of British playwrights and novelists from the mid-1950s. Their works mainly express the bitterness of the lower class towards the established sociopolitical system and hypocrisy of the middle and upper class. The playwright John Osborne was the example of the angry young men with his play Look Back in Anger.
