《英语国家社会与文化入门》（第3版朱永涛、王立礼主编，高等教育出版社）
话题作文600字复习笔记及考研真题详解
美国
第7章美国文学
7.1复习笔记
I.American literature—the story of a quest
Ⅱ.Post-Revolutionary period
1.Washington Irving
2.James Fenimore Cooper
Ⅲ.Transcendentalists
1.Ralph Waldo Emerson
2.Henry David Thoreau
IV.Power of imagination
1.Edgar Allan Poe
2.Nathaniel Hawthorne
3.Herman Melville
V.New visions of America
1.Walt Whitman
2.Leaves of Grass
VI.Reform and liberation
1.Frederick Douglass
2.Harriet Beecher Stowe
和大海Ⅶ.Regionalism
1.William Dean Howells
2.Mark Twain
3.Emily Dickinson
Ⅷ.A new wave
1.The realism
2.The naturalism
表示无奈的句子3.Important writers
IX.Rebellious spirit
1.The writers
2.The similarity
X.The Modernists and the“Lost Generation”
1.Ezra Pound
2.T.S.Eliot
3.The“Lost Generation”
4.William Faulkner
XI.Harlem Renaissance
1.The development
2.The poets
3.Zora Neale Hurston
XⅡ.New Drama
1.Eugene O’Neil
2.The major plays
XⅢ.Depression,
1.John Steinbeck
2.Richard Wright
XIV.Postwar voices and the“Beat Generation”
1.African American writers
2.American Jews
3.In the theater
4.The“Beat Generation”
XV.New American voices
1.Black women writers
2.Chine-American writers
I.American literature—the story of a quest（美国文学——关于探索的故事）
From the beginning of American history to the prent day,American literature, in one n,is the continuous narrative of American people’s“pursuit of happiness”
从美国历史最初到今天，从某种意义上来说，美国文学是对美国人民寻求幸福的过程的叙
述。
Ⅱ.Post-Revolutionary period（美国革命战争后期）
听一次哭一次的歌
1.Washington Irving（华盛顿·欧文）
He wrote the following books:History of New York,Rip Van Winkle,The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,The Alhambra,and Tour on Prairies.
欧文的重要作品：《纽约外史》《瑞普·凡·温克尔》《睡谷的传说》《阿尔罕伯拉》以及《草原漫游记》。
2.James Fenimore Cooper（费尼莫·库柏）
(1)The Spy and The Leatherstocking Tales were his most famous works.
(2)The Leatherstocking Tales consists of five novels depicting the American West. They are The Pioneers,The Last of Mohicans,The Prairie,The Pathfinder,and The Deerslayer.
(1)库柏最著名的作品是《间谍》和《皮裹腿故事集》。
(2)《皮裹腿故事集》描写美国西部生活，包括五部小说：《拓荒者》《最后的莫希干人》《大草原》《探路人》和《杀鹿者》。
Ⅲ.Transcendentalists（超验主义）
1.Ralph Waldo Emerson（拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生）
(1)In his book Nature,Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature, individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion.
(2)A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England
establishment gathered around Emerson.They accepted Emerson’s theories about spiritual transcendence.
(1)在《论自然》中，爱默生指出：个人通过研究自然，与自然交流，而不必借助正式的宗教，就可以达到一个更高的精神境界。
(2)一些对新英格兰当局不满的知识分子接受了爱默生有关精神超越的思想；他们被称为超验主义者。
2.Henry David Thoreau（亨利·大卫·梭罗）
(1)Thoreau was passionate not only about individuals’learning to think for themlves and being inde
pendent,but also about the necessity for humans to live simply and to know and care for the place where they lived.
(2)To carry out this ideal,he went to live by himlf for two years in a simple cabin beside a wooded pond.
(3)Walden was the book he wrote about this experience.
(4)His commitment of living sustainably,learning from nature,passive resistance continues to influence today’s people.
红玫瑰花语
(1)梭罗相信个人的独立思考和独立能力，并且认为人类应该过简单的生活，要认识和关心
其生活的地方。
快速口语
(2)为了践行他的理念，梭罗在林中独自度过两年边劳动边学习的生活。
(3)《瓦尔登湖》记述了梭罗的这段经历及其心得体会。
(4)他关于可持续地生活、从自然中学习和消极抵抗的想法至今影响着人们。
IV.Power of imagination（想象之力）
1.Edgar Allan Poe（埃德加·爱伦·坡）
(1)Allan Poe published poems of musical language and extravagant imagery.
(2)He wrote bold,original short stories like The Masque of Red Death and The Fall of the Hou of Usher.
(1)坡的诗作具有音乐美和夸张的意象。
(2)《红死病的假面舞会》和《厄舍尔厦的倒塌》是坡最著名的短篇故事。
2016选秀
2.Nathaniel Hawthorne（纳撒尼尔·霍桑）
(1)Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote Twice-Told Tales and The Scarlet Letter.
(2)He explored certain moral themes such as guilt,pride and emotional repression in his books.
(3)Set in the Puritan past,The Scarlet Letter is the stark drama of a woman harshly cast out from her community for committing the sin of adultery.
(1)霍桑的主要作品是短篇故事集《重述的故事》以及长篇小说《红字》。
斜视遗传吗
(2)他在作品中探索罪恶、骄傲以及情感压抑等道德主题。
(3)《红字》描写清教主义统治下一个女人的严酷故事；她因通奸罪被周围的人们驱逐。
3.Herman Melville（赫尔曼·梅尔维尔）
(1)He wrote Moby Dick,which is the name of a big white whale.In this book the author us a story of a whaling voyage to explore profound themes such as fate, the nature of evil,and the individual’s struggle against the univer.
