Unit 2 Physics
1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.
Part 1 (Paras. 1-3): Brief introduction to dark energy Para. 1: Dark energy is an unexplained force which tugs galaxies away from each other.
Para. 2: Dark energy is somewhat like anti-gravity.
Para. 3: Dark energy is scientists’ hypothetic form of energy to explain the univer’s expansion.
Part 2 (Paras. 4-9): The discovery of dark energy: confounding expectations
Para. 4: The discovery of dark energy is a ca of science confounding expectations.
Para. 5: Experts expected that gravity had slowed down the univer’s rate of expansion.
Para. 6: The univer’s rate of expansion was speeding up.
马蜂菜
Para. 7: The result was beyond experts’ expectations which caud much nervous laughter.
Para. 8: The measurements of supernovae provided the evidence that the univer’s rate of ballooning was speeding up.
Para. 9: The scientists obrved many supernovae at different distances to determine how fast they are speeding away from us.
Part 3 (Paras. 10-13): The rate of the expansion of the univer: shocking results
Para. 10: The rate of the univer’s expansion is accelerating.
Para. 11: More rearches done by other experts also show the same results.
Para. 12: Einstein’s cosmologica l constant has been revived to explain the puzzling findings.
Para. 13: The cosmological constant is one of the leading theories to explain the expansion of the
univer.
Part 4 (Paras. 14-17): The difference between dark energy and dark matter
Para. 14: The confusion of dark energy and dark matter.
Para. 15: Dark matter is an invisible hypothesized form of matter.
Para. 16: Dark matter and dark energy em to make up most of the mass of the univer.
Para. 17: The discovery of dark energy stirred up a lot of other issues, such as making some people
believe that there are veral univers.
2. Directions: Complete the ntences with the words given
in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.
1)Skin injury, infection, stress, and certain drugs may
trigger psoriasis. Skin cells move at an accelerated rate
from the dermis into the epidermis, where they slough
off, causing inflammation.
牛皮癣可能由皮肤外伤、感染、压力和某些药物引
起。皮肤细胞自真皮加速移至表皮处并脱落，引起
发炎症状。
2)What is clear to just about everyone is that Jordan's
queen faces challenges common to many among her
generation, but on a much grander scale. 几乎每个人
都明白，约旦王后面临的挑战也是她同时代许多人
七种能力
所遇到的，但对她的挑战更为艰巨。
3)The result is a classic ca of what economists call
network effects: success in the past creates success in
the future.
结果就形成了经济学中网络效应的典型例证：过去
的成功创造了未来的成功。
4)Friction gradually caud the sliding box to slow down
and stop. 摩擦力使向下滑的箱子减慢速度后停下
来。
5)Most of the data structures and algorithms ud to
reprent and manipulate information in software are
logic tools bad on mathematical algorithms. 在表
达和处理软件中的信息时，大多数数据结构和算法
是基于数学算法的逻辑工具。
6)We shall refer to this force as the driving force on the
particle.我们把这个力叫做作用在粒子上的驱动力。
7)Heat must not be confud with temperature, which
determines the direction of transfer of heat.
务必不要把热与温度混同起来，温度决定着热传输
的方向。
8)Obrvation, reason and experiment make up what we
call the scientific method.
观察、推理和实验，这些内容构成了我们所说的科
学方法。
9)And in the longer term disparate systems may converge
and become interconnected, bringing up a whole host
of new questions.
除此之外，从长远来看，现在格格不入的系统也许
在将来某天会融合到一起，变得互相相连，从而带
来一系列全新的问题。
10)For example, when employees in a company are busy
fighting each other, competitors can add fuel to the fire.
例如，公司里员工整天斗来斗去，竞争者就有可能
火上添油。
Unit 3 Network Security
Part 1 (Paras. 1-3): Brief introduction to current situation of disclosure of personal information
Para. 1: The line that parates the private from the public is dissolved.
Para. 2: Personal information disclosure becomes a norm.
Para. 3: Younger members appear comfortable with sharing about anything and even older ones are
adjusting to the trend.
Part 2 (Paras. 4-7): Brief introduction to facebook’s members and its features
Para. 4: The composition of facebook’s members.Para.
5: Facebook’s members keep increasing as the
olders sign up.
Para. 6: Facebook’s members are becoming more gre garious.Para. 7: The defining of “friend” online
becomes simple.
Part 3 (Paras. 8-17): The analysis of facebook’s rvice on protection of personal information
Para. 8: The growth of membership and of individual networks ems impervious to gaffes at the company during its brief, five-year history.Para. 9: Facebook restored the old language and offered some changes for ratification.
Para. 10: Facebook offers members a lot of privacy options.
Para. 11: But Facebook ts few restrictions by default on what third-party software can e in a network
of friends.
Para. 12: David E. Evans wishes that Facebook would begin with more restrictions on the information
that outside software developers can reach.
Para. 13: David E. Evans said that Facebook could t defaults erring on the side of privacy.
Para. 14: As a Facebook’s chief privacy officer, Chris Kelly defends its current ttings.
Para. 15: David E. Evans believed that banishment of malevolent software comes too late.
Para. 16: The defaults turn out to be crucially important.
Para. 17: Urs are unwilling to take troubles to customizing permission.
Part 4 (Paras. 18-19): The vague definition of “friends” and its bad effect
Para. 18: The defining of “friends” for facebook’s members are vague.
Para. 19: The distinguish between private and public becomes pointless since “friends” may be tho
strangers.
1)Many people who have not thought carefully
beforehand about learning languages are likely to be carried along by a mishmash of ideas that make little or no practical n.
许多人在学一门外语前缺乏足够的思想准备，极易被杂乱而无实际意义的念头、假设和习惯所左右。
2)He is hell-bent on having his own way. 他一意孤行。
3)But most people would rather e the application take
some “good enough” first step and then adjust it to what is desired.
然而大部分人都情愿由软件开始某种足够好的第1步，然后按照自己的需要调整。
4)“Note: sign up on the day MOP/HK$100 per Race
using the Express Entry Form - available at the Race Registration at 7:30am.”“注意: 请于当日早上七时三十分于登记地点填写特快报名表，每项赛事参赛费用为澳门币/港币一百元整。”
5)Sometimes when the television t doesn't work, you
can fiddle with the wires inside and it comes right.
有时电视机坏了，你拨弄拨弄里面的电路，居然能修好。
6)Instead, we'll try to strip away some of the mystery so
often associated with software by discussing the process a programmer follows when developing one.
本书的意图是通过简单地探讨开发一个程序时程序员应该遵循的过程，从而力求揭示那些常常与软件有关的奥妙。
7)Oh, didn't we fix a target of450,000 yuan? 噢，我们
定的目标不是四十五万元吗？
8)I'll prepare a draft of agency agreement for you to go
over.我将起草一份代理协议请您过目。
9)An intranet is a private version of the Web that is only
accessible to employees of a company (and its partners, clients, or vendors in the ca of an extranet).
企业内部网是企业内部的网站，专供内部员工来访问（企业外部网则专供合作伙伴、客户和供货商来访问）。
10)The are similar to personas in that they ek to
describe urs and their relationship to a product.
它们和人物角色有些类似，都是在试图描述用户及
其和产品的关系。
Unit 4 Electronic Information (Robots)
1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.
Part 1 (Paras. 1-5): Brief introduction to the QB
Para. 1: The appearance and advantages of the QB.Para.
2: The fields in which the QB will be applied.
Para. 3: The composition of the QB.Para. 4: Uful designing makes the QB mobile and height-
adjustable.
Para. 5: The QB is designed for tho who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places without
sacrificing prence.
Part 2 (Paras. 6-11): The test drive of the QB
Para. 6: The objective and planned procedure of the test drive.Para. 7: The actual performance of the QB in completing the planned mission.
Para. 8: The built-in lidar system and the camera enable the QB move smoothly.
Para. 9: The QB’s lar-pointer eye turned out to be uful when greeting people.
Para. 10: A valuable lesson has been learned through the test drive: never drive outside the range of the
Wi-Fi network.
Para. 11: The QB slips down along the ramp when the Wi-Fi connection drops.
Unit 5 Materials
Part 1（Paras. 1）：Straw may be the building material of the future.
Part 2（Paras. 2-3）：A brief introduction of Balehaus, a prototype home built on the campus of the University of Bath.
Part 3 (Paras.4-21）：The rearchers have tested Balehaus against an exhaustive list of risk factors that could rot it, burn it or blow it down and the results are reassuring.
Part 4（Paras.22-23）：Balehaus is expected by the rearchers to be tested in a real-life situation.
2. Directions: Complete the ntences with the words given in
the brackets. Change the form if necessary.
1) Wolves huffed and puffed, but they could not blow the
third pig’s hou of bricks down.
狼使劲地吹啊吹，可怎么也不能吹倒第三只小猪的
砖房子。
2)
A stable soil soaks up water, and allows acid to break up
bedrock and create more soil.
稳定的土壤吸收水分，使得酸分解基岩，然后再生
出更多的土壤。
3）Just becau of a cigarette end, the entire forest went up in flames, which has upt the whole nation.
一个小小的烟头，竟然引起了让全国人民为之动容
的整片森林的毁灭。
4) Without scientific explanation, it is difficult to understand
how lava could have been reduced to dust.
没有科学提供的解释是很难理解熔岩是如何变成灰
的。
5）Although Mary is good at literature and arts, it's beyond her depth when it comes to natural sciences.
玛丽擅长文学和艺术，但一谈到自然科学就茫然。
6）If we pick the vegetables in the safe intervals, pesticide residue all can be kept within the tolerance allowed by the State standard.如果在安全间隔期采收蔬
菜，农药残留量均不会超过国家标准规定的量。
7）Our product stack up well against the best product of our counterparts in Europe. 我们的产品比得上欧洲同行最
好的产品。
8）Most people tend to perceive materials as a part of physics or chemistry.大多数人通常把材料学看成是物
理或化学的一部分。
9) While the firefighter was trying to help another victim
escape from the fire, a pane of glass dropped off and riously hurt his head.当这个消防员正在帮助又一个
人逃离火灾现场时，一块窗玻璃掉下来，严重砸伤了
他的头。
10) In Chongqing where it is hot and humid, your clothes
will take ages to dry out.重庆炎热潮湿，衣服要很长时
间才能干透。
Unit 5 Materials
1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with
the main idea.
Part 1（Paras. 1）：Straw may be the building material of the future.
Part 2（Paras. 2-3）：A brief introduction of Balehaus, a prototype home built on the campus of the University of Bath.
Part 3 (Paras.4-21）：The rearchers have tested Balehaus against an exhaustive list of risk factors that could rot it, burn it or blow it down and the results are reassuring.
刘冠廷Part 4（Paras.22-23）：Balehaus is expected by the rearchers to be tested in a real-life situation.
2. Directions: Complete the ntences with the words given
in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.
1) Wolves huffed and puffed, but they could not blow the
third pig’s hou of bricks down.
狼使劲地吹啊吹，可怎么也不能吹倒第三只小猪的砖房子。
2)
A stable soil soaks up water, and allows acid to break up
bedrock and create more soil.
稳定的土壤吸收水分，使得酸分解基岩，然后再生出更多的土壤。
3）Just becau of a cigarette end, the entire forest went up in flames, which has upt the whole nation.
一个小小的烟头，竟然引起了让全国人民为之动容的整片森林的毁灭。
4) Without scientific explanation, it is difficult to understand
how lava could have been reduced to dust.
没有科学提供的解释是很难理解熔岩是如何变成灰的。
5）Although Mary is good at literature and arts, it's beyond her depth when it comes to natural sciences.
玛丽擅长文学和艺术，但一谈到自然科学就茫然。
6）If we pick the vegetables in the safe intervals, pesticide residue all can be kept within the tolerance allowed by the State standard.
如果在安全间隔期采收蔬菜，农药残留量均不会超过国家标准规定的量。
7）Our product stack up well against the best product of our counterparts in Europe.
我们的产品比得上欧洲同行最好的产品。
8）Most people tend to perceive materials as a part of physics or chemistry.
大多数人通常把材料学看成是物理或化学的一部分。
9) While the firefighter was trying to help another victim
escape from the fire, a pane of glass dropped off and riously hurt his head.
当这个消防员正在帮助又一个人逃离火灾现场时，一块窗玻璃掉下来，严重砸伤了他的头。
10) In Chongqing where it is hot and humid, your clothes
will take ages to dry out.
重庆炎热潮湿，衣服要很长时间才能干透。
Unit 6 Mechanics and Automotives
Part 1 (Paras. 1-4) Brief introduction to the two expanding frontiers of engineering
Para. 1: A vision of the engineers’ knowledge and coordination in the future.
Para. 2: the two frontiers predicted.Para. 3: The requirements for the mechanical engineers in the future.
Para. 4: An engineer’s point of the development of design.
Part 2 (Paras. 5-8) The future of nanotechnology and biotechnology
Para. 5: Nanotechnology and biotechnology as the most influential fields.
Para. 6: the core of technological innovation has shifted to biology and the environment.
Para. 7: The great expectations of biotechnology.
Part 3 (Paras. 9-15) The designing methods of the engineers in the future
Para. 8: The democratization of the process of designing and creating new devices.
Para. 9: Futurist Rohit Talwar’s highlight of immersive interactive skills.Para. 10: The affordable vision of CAD.
Para. 11: The future vision of engineers’ design independ ently.Para. 12: The future vision of engineers’ design at home.
2. Directions: Complete the ntences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.
1) Biotechnology is on the verge of a revolution in which
genetic components are standardized and
interchangeable.
生物技术正处于基因革命的边缘。
2) The experienced officer is adept at spotting criminals.经
验丰富的警察擅长识别犯罪分子。
3) Protection against and mitigation of earthquake disasters
shall be incorporated into plans for national economic
and social development.防震减灾工作应当纳入国民经
济和社会发展计划。
4) We hold an optimistic view on the future vision of
biotechnology and nanotechnology. (optimize)
我们对于生物技术以及纳米技术的未来充满乐观。
5) Bill Gates made the ca that its technologies are
becoming even more flexible and powerful as they ep
into automobiles, Internet-bad TV networks and living
rooms.
比尔盖茨通过展示公司目前进军自动化、网络电视
的技术表明微软现如今的技术更加多元化，更具有
竞争力。
6) This new product is still reminiscent of the utility
function of its last generation. (reminiscence)
这个新产品依然保留着上一代产品的使用功能。
7) Nanotechnology and biotechnology are poid for even
greater success over the next 20 years. (poi)
纳米技术与生物技术即将成为下个20年中最成功的
领域。
8) The rapidly advancing fields of biotechnology and
nanotechnology are at the core of the
developments.(core)
生物技术和纳米技术处于这些发展的核心地位。
9) The future engineers must work in collaboration to
build large models in mechanic design. (collaborate)
未来的工程师必须通力合作进行大型工程模型设
计。
10) Combined with advances in CAD systems, it will be
possible for mechanical engineers to collaborate in
immersive interactive environments.
结合CAD技术发展的帮助，工程师们有可能在未来
能够在虚拟环境下合作。
Unit 7 Genetic Engineering
Part1 (Para.1) Explaining genetic engineering
Para. 1: Premi on which the technology is bad
(genetic information, encoded by DNA and arranged in王近山
the form of genes, is a resource that can be manipulated
in various ways to achieve certain goals) and basic
procedures of genetic manipulation.
Part 2 (Paras. 2-3) Knowledge foundations lead to the
emergence of genetic engineering as an independent
scientific inquiry
Para. 2: Ashort review on the history of genetic
engineering since 1900, which divides the development
of this scientific inquiry into three stages
Para. 3: The establishment of genetic engineering as an
independent discipline.
Part 3 (Paras. 4-5) Genetic knowledge in the earlier years
Para. 4: Liga purified in the 1970s successfully
removes technical constraints in genetic manipulation.
Para. 5: The emergence of the technology which
became known as gene cloning
2. Directions: Complete the ntences with the words given in
the brackets. Change the form if necessary.
1) Restriction enzyme is an endonuclea that cuts DNA at
sites defined by its recognition quence.
DNA限制内切酶是一种酸内切酶，它能够在其识别
序列指定的部位切割DNA。
2) Genetic information is encoded by DNA and arranged in
the form of genes.
遗传信息的基本单位是DNA（脱氧核糖核酸），以
基因的形式排列组合在一起。
3) The main advances made in medicine during the
Renaissance (c. 1350–c. 1600; a European revival of
classical Greek and Roman culture) was greater
understanding of human anatomy (parts of the body).
医药科学在文艺复兴时期（大致是1300年-1600年之
间的一段历史时期，以古希腊罗马文化的复兴为主
要标志）取得的最大进展之一就是对人体解剖结构
的理解。
4) The are the premi on which Murphy's Law is bad.
这些就是莫菲定律的理论前提。
5) The flight is culminated with a thrilling three-
dimensional smoke cha, each aircraft alternating "lead
and follow" positions across the sky.
一场动人心魄的三维烟雾追逐表演将整个活动推向高
潮。在这场表演中，观众可以看到每一架参演的飞
机都在天空中不断改变自己的位置，一会儿在前，
一会儿在后。
6) Supervid teaching practicum is designed to establish
the knowledge basis of oncology nursing.
在导师指导下进行的教学实践课程是肿瘤科护士学习
专业知识所必需的环节。
7) Good will prevail over evil in the end. 善终会战胜恶。
8) Ecology is therefore a perquisite to eradication or
elimination, and will be esntial to sustaining success in
the long term.
因此，生态环境是生物灭绝或消失的先决条件，从长
远上讲也是物种成功生存的重要条件。
9) The isolation of enzyme from organisms is a vital step in
genetic engineering
将切割酶从生物体中分离出来是基因工程中的重要
步骤。
10) The advent of genetic engineering has removed the
constraints, and has given the agricultural scientist a
very powerful way of incorporating defined genetic
changes into plants.
基因工程近来取得的进展已经突破了这类技术限
制。在农业科学家手中，这些进展转化成了改变世
界的有力武器。真是因为有了这类武器，他们现在
能将特定的基因变异特征移植到植物中。
Unit 8 Space Exploration
Part 1 (Para. 1): Brief introduction to the topic.
Para. 1: Brief introduction to the topic.
Part 2 (Paras. 2-3): Laplace’s idea of scientific determinism.
Para. 2: Introduction to scientific determinismPara.3: The connotation of determinism
Part 3 (Paras. 4-5): Planck’s quantum mechanics
Para. 4: Introduction to quantum mechanics.Para. 5: The connotation of quantum mechanics.
2. Directions: Complete the ntences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.
1)Most of the audience unrervedly subscribed to Prof.
Tom’s proposal on space exploration in last lecture.
在上次讲座里，多数听众毫无保留地赞同汤姆教授
在空间探索方面的建议。
2) Some scientists attributed intelligence to ants in the past.
志愿者协会
以前，有些科学家认为蚂蚁有智力。
3) They are agreed on black holes in principle but not in
detail.
他们关于黑洞的看法在大体上是一致的, 但是在细节
上有所不同。
4) The president stated that cooperation between Academics
and Business on the basis of reciprocity was very
important to the future of this university.校长说基于互
利互惠的校企合作对于学校的未来很重要。
5) The people tried to track down the cau of some
绿萝的养殖方法和注意事项disasters but failed for the limit of knowledge.
人们尝试查找一些灾难的原因，但因知识局限而失
败。
6) The ground breaking rearch of an important Danish
astronomer of the 16th century allowed Newton to put
forward the theory of gravity. 16世纪一个重要的丹麦
天文学家的地壳断裂研究让牛顿得以提出重力学理
论。
7) To know better about the outer space, we have to date
back to the rearches of Laplace and Plank.
为更好地认识外部空间，我们需要追溯到拉普拉斯和
普朗克的研究中去。
8) Neil Armstrong was the first man to t foot on the moon;
in effect he was shortly followed by Aldrin, his fellow
astronaut.
事实上，尼尔•阿姆斯特朗是登上月球之第一人，而
非紧随其后的同事和宇航员奥尔德林。
9）In terms of the space exploration, countries in the third world have made great progress in recent years.
就空间探索而言，第三世界近些年来已经取得了巨大进步。
10) In scientific rearches, a hypothesis is so important that
it is regarded as the truth for some time.
在科学研究中，“假设”是如此重要，以至于被一度
当成了真理。
Unit 9 rban Planning
Part 1 (Paras. 1-5): Caus of urbanisation
Para. 1: What does urbanisation mean?Para. 2: As a country industrialis, the number of people living in urban areas tends to increa.Para. 3: Now the UK has almost urbanid.
Para. 4: Urbanisation has been increasingly taking place all over the world, especially in LEDCs.
Para. 5: What is counter-urbanisation?
Part 2 (Paras. 6-9): Problems of urbanisation in the CBD –traffic congestion
Para. 6: As more people move to the edge of towns and cities, traffic congestion may get wor.
Para. 7: What caus a bottleneck and congestion?Para.
8: Some cities have introduced veral traffic
management schemes.
Para. 9: Local councils also introduce some measures.
Part 3 (Paras. 10-11): Problems of urbanisation in the urban rural fringe – housing demand
Para. 10: Social and demographic changes are leading to
a greater demand for housing.
Para. 11: However, building new, affordable homes in urban areas is difficult.
Part 4 (Paras. 12-14): Sustainable cities
Para. 12: It lists key features of a sustainable city.
Para. 13: A sustainable city will grow at a sustainable rate and u resources in a sustainable way.
Para. 14: It prents some questions to measure whether
a city is sustainable or not.
2. Directions: Complete the ntences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.
1)I have veral rows of cabbages in the garden.我在园
子里种了几行卷心菜。
2) A similar trend to scientific cooperation on a global
scale was apparent in many other fields, like
meteorology, astronomy, nuclear fusion, and space.
在许多其他如气象学、天文学、核聚变以及空间
科学领域中也同样存在全球规模的科学合作。
3)Narrow waterways thread between white walled
hous to link up with the Grand Canal, making the
city the Venice of China.城中狭窄的水道蜿蜒于白
色墙壁的房屋间，终端与大运河汇合。这里有“东
方威尼斯”之称。
4)Dogs show what may be fairly called a n of
humor.
狗也表现有一种可以名符其实地称为幽默的感
觉。
5)Compared to the railroads, the electrical industry was
still young in the 1920s, but its ri had been
spectacular.
和铁路相比，电力工业在二十年代仍然很年轻，
但它的出现则很惊人。
6)Silent, they loafed on the edge of the wharf, swinging
their legs above the water.
他们悄悄地坐在码头边上消磨时光，两腿在水面上来回晃荡。
7)At first blush, land is en as a fixed or unalterable
resource.乍一看土地是一种固定的、或者说是不
可改变的资源。
8)The effect of car-reliant transportation systems on
cities is “urban sprawl” –undesirable horizontal
rather than vertical growth.发展依赖于汽车的交通
体系的后果是“城市的蔓延”，即城市在令人讨厌
的水平方向扩展，而不是在垂直方向上扩展。
9)Added to this, the thriving Chine communities in
many American urban centres and their reputation as
a model minority have aroud further their interests
in this distant land, which is so vastly different from
theirs.
此外，许多美国城市的繁荣华人社区，享有模范一寨两国
初中作文开头少数民族的美誉，更让美国人对这个和他们的文
化大相径庭的古老文明，产生浓厚的兴趣。
10)The people will tend to flood the cities, worning
already strained urban resources.
这些人往往大批涌往城市，使市区本已负荷过重
的各种设施雪上加霜。
Unit 10 Nuclear Energy
Part 1 (Para. 1) Brief introduction of IAEA
Para. 1: Brief introduction of the nuclear power today.
Part 2 (Paras. 2-7) The IAEA’s two annual projections concerning the growth of nuclear power, a low and a
high.
