初中语文教案模板剑桥3 test4 passage 1
READING PASSAGE 1
纸花的折法图解You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are bad on Reading Passage 1 below.
教学合一
Part One
我明白了一个道理A Air pollution is increasingly becoming the focus of government and citizen concern around the globe. From Mexico City and New York, to Singapore and Tokyo, new solutions to this old problem are being propod, trailed and implemented with ever increasing speed.
It is feared that unless pollution reduction measures are able to keep pace with the continued pressures of urban growth, air quality in many of the world’s major cities will deteriorate beyond reason.
B Action is being taken along veral fronts: through new legislation, improved enforcement and innovative technology. In Los Angeles, state regulations are forcing manufacturers to try to ll ever cleaner cars: their first of the cleanest, titled "Zero Emission Vehicles’, have to be available soon, since they are intended to make up 2 per cent of sales in 1997. Local authorities in London are campaigning to be allowed to enforce anti-pollution laws themlves; at prent only the police have the power to do so, but they tend to be busy elwhere. In Singapore, renting out road space to urs is the way of the future.
电梯安全知识
C When Britain’s Royal Automobile Club monitored the exhausts of 60,000 vehicles, it found that 12 per cent of them produced more than half the total pollution. Older cars were the worst offenders; though a sizeable number of quite new cars were also identifie
d as gross polluters, they were simply badly tuned. California has developed a scheme to get the gross polluters off the streets: they offer a flat $700 for any old, run-down vehicle driven in by its owner. The aim is to remove the heaviest-polluting, most decrepit vehicles from the roads.
孵化园D As part of a European Union environmental programme, a London council is resting an infra-red spectrometer from the University of Denver in Colorado. It gauges the pollution from a passing vehicle -more uful than the annual stationary rest that is the British standard today by bouncing a beam through the exhaust and measuring what gets blocked. The councils next step may be to link the system to a computerized video camera able to read number plates automatically.
E The effort to clean up cars may do little to cut pollution if nothing is done about the tendency to drive them more. Los Angeles has some of the world’s cleanest cars - far better than tho of Europe -but the total number of miles tho cars drive continues to grow. One solution is car-pooling, an arrangement in which a number of people who shar
e the same destination share the u of one car. However, the average number of people in a car on the freeway in Los Angeles, which is 1.3, has been falling steadily. Increasing it would be an effective way of reducing emissions as well as easing congestion. The trouble is, Los Angelenos em to like being alone in their cars.
F Singapore has for a while had a scheme that forces drivers to buy a badge if they wish to visit a certain part of the city. Electronic innovations make possible increasing sophistication: rates can vary according to road conditions, time of day and so on. Singapore is advancing in this direction, with a city-wide network of transmitters to collect information and charge drivers as they pass certain points. Such road-pricing, however, can be controversial. When the local government in Cambridge, England, considered introducing Singaporean techniques, it faced vocal and ultimately successful opposition.
谦虚的Part Two
海尔冰柜怎么调温度
The scope of the problem facing the world’s cities is immen. In 1992, the United Nations Environmental Programme and the World Health Organisation (WHO) concluded
that all of a sample of twenty megacities -places likely to have more than ten million inhabitants in the year 2000 -already exceeded the level the WHO deems healthy in at least one major pollutant. Two-thirds of them exceeded the guidelines for two, ven for three or more.
Of the six pollutants monitored by the WHO -carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide, lead and particulate matter -it is this last category that is attracting the most attention from health rearchers. PM10, a sub-category of particulate matter measuring ten-millionths of a metre across, has been implicated in thousands of deaths a year in Britain alone. Rearch being conducted in two counties of Southern California is reaching similarly disturbing conclusions concerning this little-understood pollutant.
A world-wide ri in allergies, particularly asthma, over the past four decades is now said to be linked with incread air pollution. The lungs and brains of children who grow up in polluted air offer further evidence of its destructive power The old and ill, however, are the most vulnerable to the acute effects of heavily polluted stagnant air. It can actually hasten
death, as it did in December 1991 when a cloud of exhaust fumes lingered over the city of London for over a week.
The United Nations has estimated that in the year 2000 there will be twenty-four mega-cities and a further eighty-five cities of more than three million people. The pressure on public officials, corporations and urban citizens to rever established trends in air pollution is likely to grow in proportion with the growth of cities themlves. Progress is being made. The question, though, remains the same: ‘Will change happen quickly enough?’
