高考英语过去分词复习
1) 过去分词的基本形式
过去分词的基本形式：“动词 + ed”，但也有不规则的形式（逐个记忆）。过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。
2) 过去分词的句法功能
过去分词在句中可作 定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
A． 作定语
★作定语的过去分词如果是单个词，一般放在被修饰的词之前；过去分词短语作定语，则放在被修饰的词之后。
▪boiled water | ▪smoked ham | 民族歌曲有哪些▪oppresd people | ▪spoken English |
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▪There are many fallen leaved on the ground.
▪The Great Wall built about two thousand years ago is one of places of interest in Beijing.
▪Any medicine taken without the advice of a doctor can cau trouble.
★不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动的含义，只表示动作已完成。
▪fallen leaves | ▪returned students |
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作前置修饰语
分词作定语，修饰名词，可作前置修饰语和后置修饰语。前置修饰语可以是单个分词，也可以是分词与副词、形容词或名词后构成合成形容词。
| 现在分词 | 过去分词 |
单个分词 | touching story动人的故事火灾应急处理流程 approving remarks赞扬的话 a promising young man有培养前途的青年 striking contrast鲜明对比 a sleeping volcano静止的火山， the rising sun朝阳 the tting sun夕阳 boiling water沸水 the changing situation正在变化的局势 a pressing problem紧迫的问题， a standing committee常务委员会 insulting remarks侮辱性的话 | developed country发达国家 skilled worker熟练工人 guided missile导弹 spoken English口头英语 boiled water开水 stricken area灾区 a broken cup一个坏杯子， a beaten boy挨了打的男孩 faded flowers调谢的花朵 a retired worker退休工人 a returned student归国留学生， a clod library一间关闭了的图书馆 |
由分词 合成的 形容词 | a fine-looking building一座漂亮房子 a good-looking girl一好看女孩 an easy-going man一个随和的人far-reaching effects深远影响 earth-shaking changes翻天覆地的变化 fine-sounding words动听的言词， an epoch-making event划时代的事件 breath-taking performance惊人表演 | a simply-furnished room陈设简单的房间 a clear-cut answer描写雪的句子明确的答复 heartfelt thanks衷心的感谢 air-conditioned buildings 装有空调的楼房 a an-made satellite人造卫星 a well-educated person一个受过良好教育的人 a well-behaved girl一个举止端庄的女孩 a highly-developed country一个高度发展的国家 a newly-built hou 一所新建筑的房子 |
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1）Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A have written B to be written C being written D written
2）What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak
3) Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A are bought B bought C been bought D buying.
4) When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A read B reads C to read D reading
分词作后置定语
一般情况下，分词短语作后置定语，单个分词极少用作后置修饰语。
分 制作爆米花词 | 例句 |
作限制性定语 | His son studying law will leave for New York. 他学习法律的儿子将前往纽约。 The things being discusd are very important. 正讨论事情非常重要。 |
作非限制性定语 | His son, studying law, will leave for New York. 他的儿子学习法律, 将前往纽约。 The things being discusd are very important. 事情非常重要,正讨论。 |
现在分词 | 单个分词 | The girls shopping are my nieces. 购物女孩是我的侄女。 On the day following we left for Paris 第二天我们前往巴黎。 |
分词短语 | A man sitting in the waiting-room wanted to e the doctor. 在候诊室中坐着的男人想找医生看病。 People living in the mountains are very hospitable. 住在山的人非常好客。 |
过去分词 | 单个分词 | A penny saved is a penny earned. 节约一个便士就等于赚一个便士。 The samples ud were nt by Mr. Wang. 所用的样品由王先生送来。 |
分词短语 | Is this the book loved by little boys? 这是小男孩喜爱的书吗? I like to read letters written in English. 我喜欢读英语写的信。 |
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1）Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
A.invited B.to be invited C,being invited D.have been invited
2)The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A have written B to be written C being written D written
3）What’s the language ______ in Germany?
A speaking B spoken C be spoken D to speak
4) Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A are bought B bought C been bought D buying.
5) When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A read B reads C to read D reading
B． 作表语
过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态。
▪amazed | ▪astonished | ▪crowded | ▪delighted | ▪disappointed | ▪discouraged |
▪drunk | ▪excited | ▪hurt | ▪interested | ▪married | ▪plead |
announced▪puzzled | ▪satisfied | ▪surprid | ▪tired | ▪upt | ▪地瓜糯米饼worried |
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▪I was plead at the news.
▪The door remained locked.
▪He looked very excited.
◆过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
有些过去分词用作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。一般说来大学生公寓with，at等介词多用于表语结构，by多用于被动结构.。
过去分词作表语（表示主语的特点及状态） | 被动结构（只表示动作） |
The hill was covered with snow. 小山上覆盖着积雪。 The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。 The supermarket is now clod. 超市场现在关门。 The book is well written. 这一本书写得很好。 | This well was covered by us. 这口井被我们盖了。 The glass is broken by the boy. 玻璃杯被男孩打破。 The supermarket is usually clod at 9. 超市场通常在 9 点关门。 黄铜和纯铜的区别The book is written by a college student. 这一本书是一个大学生写的。 |
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C． 作宾语补足语
★过去分词常在下列动词之后作宾语补足语。
▪look at | ▪e | ▪watch | ▪hear | ▪listen to | ▪find | ▪feel |
▪notice | ▪keep | ▪have | ▪t | ▪nd | ▪get | ▪leave |
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▪I often hear the song sung in English.
▪She found the door clod.
▪Why not get it done by somebody el?
★句中的宾语与宾补(即过去分词)在逻辑上含动宾关系。
▪I must get my bike repaired.
▪He was trying to make himlf understood.
D． 作状语
过去分词短语常作状语，修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况。过去分词位于句首多作原因、时间、条件或让步状语；位于句尾多作方式、伴随或结果状语。过去分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，过去分词作状语，它与句子的主语在逻辑上含有动宾关系。
作原因状语。
▪Inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder. 在她的鼓舞下，共青团员们干的更起劲了。
= As they were inspired by her example, the League members worked even harder.
▪Devoted to her mother, she looked after her for many years.
作时间状语。
▪Seen from the hill, the park looks beautiful. = When it is en from the hill, the park looks beautiful.
▪Once published, this dictionary will be very popular.
▪Heated, water changes into steam.
作条件状语。
▪United, we stand; divided, we fall. = If/When we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
▪Given more time, we could do it much better.
作让步状语。
▪Beaten by the rival team, the players were not discouraged and practid even harder.
▪Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.
作方式或伴随状语。
▪He came back, utterly exhausted. 他回来时疲惫不堪。
▪The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistant.
