98TM 30-2013
AATCC Technical Manual/2014
Developed in 1946 by AATCC Commit-tee RA31; revid 1952, 1957, 1971,1981, 1987, 1988 (with title change),1993, 1999; reaffirmed 1970, 1974,1979, 1989, 1998, 2013; editorially re-vid and reaffirmed 1986, 2004; edito-rially revid 2010.
1. General Purpo and Scope
1.1 The two purpos of this test method are to determine the susceptibil-ity of textile materials to mildew and rot and to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides on textile materials.
2. Principle
2.1 Tests I, II, III and IV can be ud,singly or in combination, depending on the type of exposure to which the textile material will be subjected. For example,if the final product will come in contact with soil, Test I, which simulates this ex-posure, should be ud; if the finished product will never come in contact with soil or tropical conditions, a much less vere test (e.g., II or III) should be ud.Test II is specifically designed for cellu-lo-containing materials while Test III is for all others. For all materials in
tended for outdoor and above ground u, Test IV should be ud. The two important considerations when evaluating textile materials in relation to fungal growth are (1) the actual deterioration of the textile product (rot), and (2) growth not neces-sarily deteriorating the product but mak-ing it unsightly (mildewy) often with an unpleasant and musty odor.
2.2 Certain pre-exposures of textile products may be indicated when specific end-us are critical (e Appendix A).When the end-u will be near high tem-perature and the fungicide may be vola-tile, a preliminary oven exposure may be desired. When the end-u will be in tropical exposures or outside with rainfall prent, a leaching exposure should be performed before mildew evaluation is made. When at all possible, the textile material should be expod to the ex-pected conditions of u prior to perform-ing this test.
3. Terminology
3.1 mildew resistance, n.—in textiles ,resistance to development of unsightly fungal growths and accompanying un-pleasant, musty odors on textile materials
expod to conditions favoring such growths.
3.2 rot resistance, n.—in textiles , re-sistance to deterioration of a textile mate-rial as a result of fungal growth in or on it.NOTE: Such deterioration is normally assd by measuring loss in tensile strength.
4. Safety Precautions
NOTE: The safety precautions are for information purpos only. The pre-cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-dures and are not intended to be all inclu-sive. It is the ur’s responsibility to u safe and proper techniques in handling materials in this test method. Manufac-turers MUST be consulted for specific details such as material safety data sheets and other manufacturer’s recommenda-tions. All OSHA standards and rules must also be consulted and followed.4.1 This test should be performed only by trained personnel. The U.S. Depart-ment of Health and Human Services pub-lication Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories should be con-sulted (e 24.1).
4.2 CAUTION: Some of the fungi ud in the tests are allergenic and patho-genic; i.e., capable of infecting humans and producing dia. Therefore, every necessary and reasonable precaution must be taken to eliminate this risk to the laboratory personnel and to personnel in the associated en
vironment. Wear protec-tive clothing, respiratory protection, and impervious gloves when working with the organisms. NOTE: Choo respira-tory protection that prevents penetration by the spores.
4.3 Good laboratory practices should be followed. Wear safety glass in all laboratory areas.
4.4 All chemicals should be handled with care.
4.5 An eyewash/safety shower should be located nearby for emergency u.4.6 Sterilize all contaminated samples and test materials prior to disposal.
4.7 Exposure to chemicals ud in this procedure must be controlled at or below levels t by government authorities (e.g.,Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s [OSHA] permissible ex-posure limits [PEL] as found in 29 CFR 1910.1000; e web site: v for latest version). In addition, the Ameri-can Conference of Governmental Indus-trial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold
Limit Values (TLVs) comprid of time weighted averages (TLV-TWA), short term exposure limits (TLV-STEL) and ceiling limits (TLV-C) are recommended as a general guide for air contaminant ex-posure which should be met (e 24.2).
Test I Soil Burial
5. Scope
5.1 This procedure is generally consid-ered to be the most vere test for textile products. Only tho specimens that will come in direct contact with soil—such as sandbags, tarpaulins, tents—need to be tested by this procedure. It can also be ud for testing experimental textile fungicides.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 Prepare the fabric specimens with dimensions 15.0 ± 1.0 × 4.0 ± 0.5 cm (6.0± 0.4 × 1.5 ± 0.2 in.) with the long dimen-sion parallel to the warp and unraveling to 2.5 ± 0.1 cm width (1.0 ± 0.04 in.), or,in the ca of fabric with less than 20threads per 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) to a predeter-mined number of threads to give a speci-men 2.5 ± 1.0 cm in width (1.0 ± 0.4 in.).A sample cutter can also be ud (e 24.3). The number of specimens will vary according to the number of variables. The suggested number of specimens is five for each treatment, control and reference fabric.
7. Test Procedure
7.1 Viability control: Expo untreated cotton cloth 271 g/m 2 (8 oz/yd 2) in the soil bed for ven da
ys during the test pe-riod to verify fungal activity. The soil bed shall be considered as satisfactory if the viability control fabric los 90% break-ing strength after ven days exposure.7.2 Soil Bed: Place the air-dry test soil (e 24.4) in trays, boxes or suitable con-tainers to a depth of 13.0 ± 1.0 cm (5.1 ±0.4 in.) and bring to optimum moisture content by gradual addition of water ac-companied by mixing to avoid puddling.After allowing it to stand for 24 h, sieve it through a 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) mesh screen.Maintain uniform moisture content by covering the soil container with a suitable lid. The moisture content of the soil dur-ing the test period shall be maintained be-tween 25 ± 5% (bad on dry weight). If
AATCC Test Method 30-2013
Antifungal Activity, Asssment on Textile Materials:Mildew and Rot Resistance of Textile Materials
鱼腥草副作用Copyright © 2013 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under licen with AATCC
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the surrounding air is maintained at higher than 83 ± 3% relative humidity,the loss of moisture is negligible.
7.3 Incubation: Bury the specimens horizontally on 10.0 ± 1.0 cm (3.9 ±0.4in.) of soil, spaced at least 2.5 cm (1.0 in.) apart and then cover with 2.5 ±0.5 cm (1.0 ± 0.2 in.) of test soil. Incuba-tion periods can vary from 2-16 weeks,depending on verity of rvice require-ments, and other factors of importance to the interested parties. Maintain the tem-perature at 28 ± 1°C (82 ± 2°F) during the test period.
8. Evaluation and Report
8.1 Strength loss determination: Re-move specimens, gently wash with water,dry at room temperature for 22 ± 4 h and then condition in an atmosphere of 64 ±2% humidity and a temperature of 24 ±3°C (76 ± 6°F) for 24 h. Determine break-ing strength by the method outlined in ASTM D5035, Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Force), using 25 × 75 mm (1× 3 in.) jaw faces. The gage length is de-termined as 25% of the specimen length.Testing can be performed every two weeks or as specified by the end-ur.8.2 Report: Report the length of expo-sure to the soil bed, percent retained breaking strength when compared to the un
expod textile, any pre-exposure of specimens before burying and percent re-tained breaking strength of untreated specimen and/or viability control.
Test II
Agar Plate, Chaetomium Globosum 9. Scope
9.1 This procedure is ud for evaluat-ing rot resistance of cellulo-containing textile materials that will not come in contact with soil. It may also be ud for determining uniformity of fungicide treatment.
10. Test Specimens
10.1Proceed as in Section 6, if strength loss is to be determined. If only a visual examination is performed, a mini-mum of five samples is required. How-ever, any number can be tested depending on end-urs request. Cut 3.8 ± 0.5 cm (1.5 ± 0.2 in.) diameter discs from both treated and untreated samples.
11. Test Procedure
11.1 Organism: Chaetomium globo-sum . American Type Culture Collection No. 6205 (e 24.5).
11.2 Culture medium (e 24.6): The mineral salts agar should have the follow-ing composition:
Ammonium nitrate, NH 3.0 g
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate,
KH 2.5 g Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate,
K 2.0 g Magnesium sulfate,
MgSO 4 · 0.2 g Ferrous sulfate,
FeSO 4 · 0.1 .20.0 g o 1000 mL 11.3 Inoculum: Place agar solution in any desired container such as test tube,French square bottle, Erlenmeyer flask, or petri dish. Sterilize in an autoclave at 103kPa (15 psi) and 121°C (250°F) for 15min and cool in a position which affords maximum inoculation surface. After the agar has hardened, under aptic condi-tions, place on its surface a disc of filter paper previously sterilized by dry heat in an oven at 71 ± 3°C (160 ± 5°F) for 1 h.Streak the filter paper with spores of Cha-etomium globosum by u of a sterile nee-dle. Incubate at 28 ± 1°C (82 ± 2°F) for approximately 10-14 days to produce abundant growth. Remove the filter paper from the co
ntainer and add it to 50 ± 2mL of sterile distilled water containing a few glass beads and shake vigorously to bring the spores into suspension. U this suspension for inoculum in 11.5.
11.4 Culture chamber: Melt mineral salts agar of the composition specified in 11.2 in an autoclave and distribute into any convenient container. Sterilize under conditions given in 11.3 and leave undis-turbed until the agar hardens.
11.5 Inoculation: Pre-wet the speci-mens (but do not rub or squeeze) in water containing 0.05% of a nonionic wetting agent (e 24.7) and place in contact with the hardened agar medium in each con-tainer under aptic conditions. Distribute 1.0 ± 0.1 mL of the inoculum evenly over the 15.0 ± 1.0 × 4.0 ± 0.5 cm (6.0 ± 0.4 ×1.5 ± 0.2 in.) specimens by means of a sterile pipette. U 0.2 ± 0.01 mL of inoc-ulum for the 3.8 ± 0.5 cm (1.5 ± 0.2 in.)discs. Set up a control specimen, cellu-lo filter paper or untreated control, in a similar way by using 1.0 ± 0.1 or 0.2 ±0.01 mL of sterile water.
12. Evaluation and Report
12.1 Strength loss evaluation: Proceed as per 8.1 and report the change in break-ing strength as compared to the sample before exposure or the control if available.12.2 Visual asssment: Report the ex-tent of fungal growth on the discs, using a microscope (50X) where necessary, in accordance
with the following scheme:
Obrved Growth
No growth
Microscopic growth (visible only un-der the microscope)
Macroscopic growth (visible to the eye)
Test III
Agar Plate, Aspergillus Niger 13. Scope
13.1 Certain fungi, of which Aspergil-lus niger is one, can grow on textile prod-ucts without causing measurable break-ing strength loss within a laboratory experimental time frame. Nonetheless,their growth may produce undesirable and unsightly effects. This procedure is ud to evaluate textile specimens where growth of the fungi is important.
14. Test Specimens无陪护病房
14.1 Cut duplicate 3.8 ± 0.5 cm (1.5 ±0.2 in.) diameter discs from both treated and untreated samples. Other shapes and sizes can be ud provided any antici-pated size of the growth-free zone is taken into consideration.
15. Test Procedure
15.1 Organism: Aspergillus niger ,American Type Culture Collection No.6275 (e 24.5).
15.2 Culture medium: Proceed as per 11.2. Other suitable media are Czapek (Dox) Agar and Sabouraud Dextro Agar (e 24.8).
15.3 Inoculum: Add scrapings from a ripe (7-14 days) fruiting culture of As-pergillus niger grown on the medium de-scribed in 11.2 containing 3.0 ± 0.1% glu-co, to a sterile Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 ± 1 mL of sterile water and a few glass beads. Shake the flask thor-oughly to bring the spores into suspen-sion. U this suspension as the inoculum.15.4 Inoculation: If the test medium contains gluco, distribute evenly 1.0 ±0.1 mL of the inoculum over the surface of the agar. Pre-wet the discs (but do not rub or squeeze) in water containing 0.05% of a nonionic wetting agent (e 24.7) and place on the agar surface. Dis-tribute evenly over each disc 0.2 ± 0.01mL of the inoculum by means of a sterile pipette. If the test medium does not con-tain gluco, a negative control fabric i
s required to ensure inoculum viability. In-cubate all specimens at a temperature of 28 ± 1°C (82 ± 2°F) for 14 days when mineral salts agar is ud and for ven days when 3% gluco is added to the mineral salts agar.
16. Evaluation and Report
16.1 At the end of the incubation pe-riod, report the percentage of surface area of the discs covered with the growth of Aspergillus niger , using a microscope (50X) where necessary, in accordance with the following scheme:
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我就是无法说不要100TM 30-2013
AATCC Technical Manual/2014
Obrved Growth
No growth (if prent, report the size of the growth-free zone in mm)
Microscopic growth (visible only un-der the microscope)
Macroscopic growth (visible to the eye)
Test IV
Humidity Jar, Mixed Spore Suspension 17. Scope
17.1 This test method is designed to
determine the fungistatic effectiveness of treatments intended to control mildew and non-pathogenic fungal growth on ar-ticles or surfaces compod of textile ma-terials intended for outdoor and above ground u and which are usually water-proofed.
17.2 For this test method visual asss-ment is ud. Additionally, breaking strength may be determined by method as per 8.1.
18. Principle
18.1 Treated and untreated, nutrient-saturated strips of fabric are sprayed with a mixed spore suspension of mildew-causing organisms and incubated at 90 ±2% relative humidity. Mildew growth on treated and untreated strips is rated at weekly intervals for up to four weeks.
19. Apparatus
19.1 Glassware: 500 mL French square jars or equivalent with fitting screw caps.Caps are modified by center drilling and inrting an appropriate size stainless steel or brass bolt to which a hook (formed from a 6.5 ± 0.5 cm length [2.6 ±0.2 in.] of #22 nickel-chromium wire or other non-corrosive wire) is attached.19.2 Plastic paper clips or nylon thread to suspend the specimens from the screw caps of the French jars.
19.3 Atomizer, DeVilbiss #152 (or equivalent) operated at 69 kPa (10 psi).19.4 Counting chamber suitable for de-termining spore concentrations; e.g.,hemocytometer.
20. Test Specimens
20.1 The specimens are prepared by cut-ting 2.5 ± 0.5 cm × 7.5 ± 0.5 cm (1.0 ± 0.2× 3.0 ± 0.2 in.) strips from sample weigh-ing 170.0 ± 34.0 g/m 2 (5.0 ± 1.0 oz/yd 2).For heavier fabrics u strips 2.0 ± 0.5 cm × 2.0 ± 0.5 cm (0.8 ± 0.2 × 0.8 ± 0.2 in.).20.2 U at least four specimens of each treated and untreated fabric.
茜纱窗下20.3 Untreated fabric strips, identical in all other respects to the treated speci-mens under test, are required to establish the test validity. If untreated fabrics are
not available, u a control cloth with the following requirements:Cotton:American type, good mid-dling Warp:18.5 tex z 886 × 2S748Weft:30 tex z 630 × 2S748Weave:Plain 34 ends/cm and 17
picks/cm
Mass/unit area:230.0 g/m 2 (6.8 oz/yd 2)Finish:Scoured only
21. Test Procedures
21.1 Organisms:
21.1.1 Aspergillus niger , American Type Culture Collection No. 6275.
21.1.2 Penicillium varians , American Type Culture Collection No. 10509.
21.1.3 Trichoderma viride , American Type Culture Collection No. 28020 (e 24.5).
21.2 Culture medium:
21.2.1 Maintain stock culture of each of test tube slants of potato dextro agar for A. niger and P . varians , and malt ex-tract agar for T. viride (e 24.6 and 24.8for media).
21.2.2 Incubate new stock culture 7-10days at 25 ± 1°C (77 ± 2°F), then store at 2-10°C (36-50°F).
21.3 Preparation of conidial suspen-sions:
亳的组词21.3.1 Conidial suspensions of fungal organisms are prepared by adding 10 mL of a sterile 0.5% saline solution contain-ing 0.05% of a non-fungicidal wetting agent (e 24.7) to a 7-10 day agar cul-ture.
21.3.2 Scrape the surface of the culture gently with a platinum or nichrome wire to liberate the spores. Agitate the liquid slightly to disper the spores without de-taching mycelial fragments, and gently decant the mold suspension into a flask containing a few glass beads.
21.3.3 Shake the dispersion vigorously to break up any clumps of spores and then filter through a thin layer of sterile cotton or glass wool. Conidial suspen-sions may be stored at 6 ± 4°C (43 ± 7°F)for up to four weeks.
21.3.4 Inoculum for test should be ad-justed using a hemocytometer or a Petroff-Hausr bacteria counter to con-tain five million conidia per mL on day of u by appropriate dilution of stock sus-pension with saline solution.
21.4 Preparation of test specimens:21.4.1 To ensure luxuriant growth,both the test and control strips must be saturated with a sterilized glycerol nutri-ent solution of the following composi-tion: 97.6% distilled water, 2.0% glyc-erol, 0.1% K 2HPO 4, 0.1% NH 4NO 3,0.05% MgSO 4·7H 2O, 0.1% yeast extract and 0.05% of a nonionic wetting agent (e 24.7). Adjust the pH to 6.3 ± 0.1.Sufficient nutrient solution should be pre-
pared to saturate all the specimens ud in a single test.
21.4.2 Soak each strip in nutrient for three minutes or until saturated. Squeeze excess liquid and allow fabric strips to air dry before proceeding with application of test fungi.
21.5 Pre-mix equal volumes of well agitated conidial suspensions of A. niger ,T. viride and P . varians . Evenly distrib-ute 1.0 ± 0.1 mL of the above suspension onto both sides of each specimen either by spraying or by means of a pipette.21.6 Suspend fabric strips using plastic paper clips or nylon thread from the caps of individual jars containing 90 ± 3 mL of water each. Hook position must be ad-justed so that the bottom ends of attached strips are all at a uniform height above the water level. The caps are tightened,then backed off one-eighth turn to allow for some ventilation.
21.7 Incubate at 28 ± 1°C (82 ± 2°F)for 14 days (for non-coated cellulosic textiles) or 28 days (for no
n-cellulosic or coated cellulosic textiles).
22. Evaluation and Report
22.1 A record of the percent of surface area covered with fungal growth for each strip is made at weekly intervals, or until heavy growth occurs on each sample rep-licate. Using a microscope (50X) where necessary, asss each specimen in accor-dance with the scheme given in 12.2.22.2 After ven days each control strip must show macroscopic growth. If this is not the ca repeat the test since test conditions were not valid.
22.3 Any adver effect of incubation on the fabric; e.g., color changes, flexibil-ity, water repellency, should be qualita-tively reported.
22.4 Strength loss determination can be carried out as per 8.1.
22.5 The results of this test method have to be correlated to claims and direc-tions for u recommended for the mil-dew control product plus any other crite-ria agreed upon by the interested parties.
23. Precision and Bias
23.1 The precision and bias of this test method are being established. If the breaking strength loss is determined, then refer to the statement given in ASTM D5035, Standard Test Method for Break-ing Force and Elongation of Textile Fab-rics (Strip Method).
24. Notes
24.1 Publication available from U.S. De-partment of Health and Human Services, CDC/NIH-HHS Publication No. (CDC) 84-8395;web site: v.
24.2 Available from Publications Office,ACGIH, Kemper Woods Center, 1330 Kemper
Copyright © 2013 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under licen with AATCC
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Meadow Dr., Cincinnati OH 45240; tel: +1. 513.742.2020; web site: 24.3 A JDC Precision sample cutter may be purchad from Thwing-Albert Instrument Co., 10960 Dutton Rd., P
hiladelphia PA 19154; tel: +1.215.637.0100; fax: +1.215.632. 8370; web site: ; Cat. #99 Model JOC25.
24.4 Types of soil which have been found satisfactory for this purpo include garden and naturally fertile topsoils, composts and non-sterile greenhou potting soils. An equal blend of good topsoil, well rotted and shred-ded manure, and coar sand should be ud. The usually posss the proper physical characteristics, along with an organic content sufficient to ensure a high degree of microbial activity and the prence of cellulo destroy-ing organisms. The optimum moisture content of the is about 30% moisture above oven dry weight.
24.5 Chaetomium globosum ATCC 6205, Aspergillus niger, ATCC 6275, Penicillium varians, A TCC 10509 and Trichoderma viride, A TCC 28020, can be purchad from the Amer-ican Type Culture Collection, P.O. Box 1549, Manassas V A 20108; tel: +1.703.365.2700; fax: +1.703.365.2701; web site:
24.6 Culture medium having composition prescribed in 11.2 (Mineral Salts) can be pur-chad from Baltimore Biological Laborato-ries, 250 Schilling Cir., Cockeysville MD 21030.
24.7 Triton™ X-100 (Rohm & Haas Co.,
Philadelphia PA 19104) has been found to be a
good wetting agent. Suitable alternatives are
dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate or N-methyl-
tauride derivatives.
24.8 The culture media can be bought ei-
ther from Baltimore Biological Laboratories
(e 24.6) or Difco Laboratories, 920 Henry
St., Detroit MI 48201.
24.9 ASTM D5035 can be ud for yarn,
thread, cordage or tape (e 12.1).
24.10 If testing is being performed for Fed-
eral Standards, u AATCC 30-2. Other or-
ganisms can be ud: Myrothecium verrucaria
ATCC 9095, QM 460; Trichoderma SP ATCC
9645, QM 365; Memnoniella echinata ATCC
11973, QM 1225; Aspergillus niger ATCC
6275, QM 458; Aspergillus claratus ATCC
女生腰疼
18214, QM 862.
Appendix A
Pre-Treatments
A1. Leaching
A1.1 The leaching should conform in
principle to the following procedure:
Water from a faucet is pasd through a
tubing into leaching vesls, care being
taken that specimens having different
amounts of the same treatment are in p-
arate vesls. Flow is adjusted to ensure a
complete change of water not less than
three times in 24 h. The delivery tubes
are inrted down through the center of
wire mesh cylinders in the leaching ves-
ls and held in the wire cylinders with
rubber bands and leached for 24 h. The
pH and temperature of the water is re-
corded and included in the report of the
test results.
A2. Volatilization
A2.1 Standard specimens of the fabric
to be tested are expod continuously to
dry heat at 100-105°C (212-221°F) for
24h in a well ventilated oven.
A3. Weathering
A3.1 Portions of the material to be
tested are expod on a ries of weather-
ing racks at 45° to the horizontal facing
South, between April 1 and October 1, in
such a manner as to avoid sagging or
flapping. It is recommended that such
racks be t up in at least four locations
within the United States; e.g., Washing-
塔纳湖
武汉工资ton DC; Miami FL; New Orleans LA;
and suitable dert locations.
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