浪人天涯
The Thirty-Six Stratagems was a Chine essay ud to illustrate a ries of stratagems ud in politics, war, as well as in civil interaction, often through unorthodox or deceptive means.
The Stratagems are often misnamed as strategies; however, a stratagem (synonymous with ru) is not the same thing as a strategy (being a long-term plan or outline).
Origin
春节美食The name of the collection comes from the Book of Qi, in its venth biographical volume, Biography of WángJìngzé (王敬則傳／王敬则传).[1]Wáng was a general who had rved Southern Qi since the first Emperor Gao of the dynasty. When Emperor Ming came to power and executed many members of the court and royal family for fear that they would threaten his reign, Wáng believed that he would be targeted next and rebelled. As Wáng received news that Xiao Baojuan, son and crown prince of Emperor Ming, had escaped in haste after learning of the rebellion, he commented that "of the thirty-six stratagems of Lord Tán, retreat was his best, you father and son should run for sure."[2] Lord Tán here refers t
o general Tan Daoji of the Liu Song Dynasty, who was forced to retreat after his failed attack on Northern Wei, and Wáng mentioned his name in contempt as an example of cowardice.[3]
It should be noted that the number thirty-six was ud by Wáng as a figure of speech in this context, and is meant to denote numerous stratagems instead of any specific number. Wáng's choice of this term was in reference to the I Ching, where six is the number of qq收藏怎么删除Yin that shared many characteristics with the dark schemes involved in military strategy. As thirty-six is the square of six, it therefore acted as a metaphor for numerous strategies.[3] Since Wáng was not referring to any thirty-six specific stratagems however, the thirty-six proverbs and their connection to military strategies and tactics are likely to have been created after the fact, with the collection only borrowing its name from Wáng's saying.[4]
The Thirty-Six Stratagems have variably been attributed to Sun Tzu from the Spring and Autumn Period of China, or Zhuge Liang大象的英语 of the Three Kingdoms period, but neither are re
garded as the true author by historians. Instead, the prevailing view is that the Thirty-Six Stratagems may have originated in both written and oral history, with many different versions compiled by different authors throughout Chine history. Some stratagems reference occurrences in the time of Sun Bin, approx. 150 years after Sun Wu's death.[4]
守护爱情The original hand-copied paperback that is the basis of the current version was believed to have been discovered in China's Shaanxi province, of an unknown date and author, and put into print by a local publisher in 1941. The Thirty-Six Stratagems only came to the public's attention after a review of it was published in the Chine Communist Party'sGuangming Daily (光明日報／光明日报) newspaper on September 16, 1961. It was subquently reprinted and distributed with growing popularity.[4]
Thirty-Six Stratagems
The Thirty-Six Stratagems are divided into a preface, six chapters containing six stratagems each, and an afterword that was incomplete with missing text. The first three chapters generally describe tactics for u in advantageous situations, whereas the last t
hree chapters contain stratagems that are more suitable for disadvantageous situations. They are in the form of four-character idioms. Each proverb is accompanied by a short comment, no longer than a ntence or two, that explains how said proverb is applicable to military tactics. The 36 Chine proverbs are related to 36 battle scenarios in Chine history and folklore, predominantly of the Warring States Period and the Three Kingdoms Period.
Chapter 1: Winning Stratagems (勝戰計)
Deceive the heavens to cross the ocean[5]
婴儿服装品牌Prepare too much and you lo sight of the big picture; what you e often you do not doubt. Yin (the art of deception) is in Yang (acting in open). Too much Yang (transparency) hides Yin (true rus).
This stratagem references an episode in 643 AD, when Emperor Taizong of Tang, balked from crossing the a to a campaign against Koguryo. His general Xue Rengui thought of
a stratagem to get the emperor across and allay his fear of asickness: on a clear day, the emperor was invited to meet a wi man. They entered through a dark tunnel into a hall where they feasted. After feasting veral days, the Emperor heard the sound of waves and realid that he had been lured onto a ship! General Xue drew aside the curtains to reveal the ocean and confesd that they had already crosd the a: Upon discovering this, the emperor decided to carry on and later completed the successful campaign.
This stratagem means that you can mask your real goals, by using the ru of a fake goal that everyone takes for granted, until the real goal is achieved. Tactically, this is known as an 'open feint'; in front of everyone, you point west, when your goal is actually in the east. By the time everyone realid it, you have already achieved your goal. Harro von Senger notes in the German-Language "Die List" that to grasp the full meaning, it would be something like "to deceive the holy virgin Mary" in the West.
This stratagem makes u of the human failing to become unaware of common everyday
activities, or events that appear normal. The best crets are carried out in broad daylight. The best hoax is to repeat it so often that people are convinced that the next move is also a hoax. When this happens, it is the best moment to carry out one's previously hidden true objective.
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