第二讲 补全“首、中、尾”，准解七选五
专家说考情 | 高考新考法 | 学霸好声音 |
高频考点为位于段中的细节句和过渡句；常考点为段首或段尾的细节句和过渡句与段首主题句，段尾总结句偶有考查。 | 2020年4套全国卷取消对段落小标题的考查，更强调对文章的结构和脉络的理解；2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷也未考查段落标题题。 | ①一定要关注题空前后的关键词和过渡词； ②不要只关注题空选项，而忽略了所选内容是否与前后句内容一致。 |
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句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。本讲从空格位置及所承担的语意关系方面讲解做题技法，使考生做题时灵活运用解题技法， 游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。
一、设空在段首
若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项应短小精悍，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句，选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。
思考点(一) 段落主旨句 |
某段开头处设空的常见考查内容之一是该段的主题句。考生需要认真研读该段内容，尤其是设空处后面的一两句，确定线索句，然后从备选项中查找这些线索词的同义词、近义词或关联词，一般正确选项与空后第一句在内容上是连贯且符合逻辑的，在意义上是紧密衔接的。 |
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[典例] [2021·全国卷乙]__36__，if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's hou for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous，trying different foods and talking to strangers.
A．How do you know the host
B．The first step is to go exploring
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
解析：本题考查段落主旨句。根据空后的热火朝天的反义词“if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering into somebody's hou for the first time描写荷花的诗词”可知，空处内容应与走出舒适区或者第一次去别人的家里的做法有关，再结合下文的“just to show up and be adventurous，trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知，露面、敢于冒险，尝试不同的食物以及和陌生人交谈是应该做的事。 “The first step is to go exploring浮生三千”(第一步是去探索)是对这些做法
的总结，符合语境。
自主解答：________
思考点(二) 承上启下过渡句 |
当非首段的第一句设空时，设空处也有可能是承上启下的过渡句。此类题目要求考生既要熟悉前文(尤其是上一段)的内容，又要结合本段内容，综合考虑后选择能使前后段自然衔接的答案。 |
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[典例] [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷] 38.The food is so delicious that you don't 老哥救命啊need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
__39__ On our first morning in Paris，I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But th
ey cost $18!
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to e if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
解析：考查上下文衔接。本题需结合上段内容作答，上一段讲到巴黎的食物非常美味，人们不需要吃太多就可以感到开心。空后讲述作者和丈夫购买食品杂货时发现巴黎的食物很贵，暗含法国人因此吃得少，故E项“那不是法国人比我们吃得少的唯一原因”符合语境。
自主解答：________
二、设空在段中
当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类：总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。文章中可能出现标志性衔接词语，例如first, cond, then, next, later, soon, so, but, however, additionally, what's more, that is, namely, in other words, for one thing, for another等。
思考点(一) 总分关系
[典例] [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]The place wasn't entirely authentic，though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment，the plumbing (水管) worked. __37__ Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said，“Ouverture des 个人社保网上查询portes，”in perfect French. That is the only French phra I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much u for it.
篮球上篮
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to e if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
解析：本题考查上下文衔接。根据空前讲到了“和通常的巴黎公寓不同，这里的水管可以使用”，空后一句讲到了“我们的公寓楼里甚至还有一部小电梯”，因此空处应与公寓或公寓楼有关，C选项讲有一个厨房和舒适的床，符合本段语境。我感激
自主解答：________
增分技巧：文章由段落组成， 围绕中心话题展开。一篇文章在总体布局上，可以先总后分，
也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作“总分结构法”。“总分结构法”中的“总”是文章内容的总体概括，出现在文章的首和尾；“分”是文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。
思考点(二) 解释关系
水仙子[典例] [2021·全国卷甲]Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. __39__. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can e how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them — things always look different when you put them on.
