1.
Passage One
Questions 51 to 56 are bad on the following passage.
Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn't surprid when this didn't make the news here in the United States—we're now the only wealthy country without such a policy.
The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, pasd in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks' unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as "government-run personnel management" and a "dangerous precedent". In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been
很任性djstrongly oppod.
As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some n, society must pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is "no exit" when it comes to children. "Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed."
While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but esntial for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children' welfare, yet parents receive little help in meeting t
he life-changing obligations society impos. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal tho benefits becau they accrue (不断积累) to the whole of society as today's children become tomorrow's productive citizenry (徐汇滨江大道公民). In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If the investments generate huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
52. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph?
A) America is now the only developed country without the policy.
B) It has now become a hot topic in the United States.
C) It came as a surpri when Australia adopted the policy.
D) Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.
53. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States?
A) The incompetence of the Democrats.
B) The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.
C) The lack of a precedent in American history.
D) The opposition from business circles.
54. What is Professor Anne Alstott's argument for parental support?
A) The cost of raising children in the U. S. has been growing.
B) Good parenting benefits society.
C) The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries.
D) Children need continuous care.
55. What does the author think of America's large body of family laws governing children's welfare?
A) They fail to ensure children's healthy growth
B) The fail to provide enough support for parents
C) They emphasize parents' legal responsibilities.
D) They impo the care of children on parents.
灯字组词被家暴了应该怎么办56. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice?
A) It is regarded as a legal obligation.
B) It relies largely on social support.
C) It generates huge social benefits.
D) It is basically a social undertaking.
2.
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 62 are bad on the following passage.
A new study from the Center for Information and Rearch on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that today's youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally 马为什么站着睡觉
liberal caus. But there's no easy way to e what tho figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama asmbled a racially and ideologically diver coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a new administration ttles in, some of tho supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?
The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that eks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream America, with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St. Louis es the project as a way to prerve history as it happens. Amusa, who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book, then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friend
s about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of tho ideas, along with her global perspective, into her posts. She's excited becau, as she puts it, "I don't have to wait [until] 15 years from now" to make n of the world.
Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Mary's University, credits this younger generation's political strength to their embrace of technology. "[The Internet] expos them to more thinking," he says, "and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together." That's exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人) parents, grows up with a strong n of purpo and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) they've inherited from Generation X (60 年代后期和70 年代出生的美国人). It's no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinary—if ambitious—young people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?
A) More young voters are going to the polls than before.
B) The young generation supports traditionally liberal caus.
C) Young voters played a decisive role in Obama's election.
D) Young people in America are now more diver ideologically.
58. What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?
A) How Obama is going to live up to young people's expectations.
B) Whether America is going to change during Obama's presidency.
C) Whether young people will continue to support Obama's policy.
D) How Obama's agenda is going to affect the life of Americans.
59. What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?
A) Their own interpretation of American politics.
B) Policy changes to take place in Obama's administration.
C) Obama's presidency viewed from a global perspective.
D) Their lives in relation to Obama's presidency.
60. What accounts for the younger generation's political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?
A) Their embrace of radical ideas.
B) Their desire to change America.
C) Their utilization of the Internet.
D) Their strong n of responsibility.
61. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?
A) They are politically conrvative.
B) They reject conventional values.
C) They dare to take up challenges.
D) They are indifferent to politics.
答案：
Passage 1
52 A) America is now the only developed country without the policy.
53 D) The opposition from business circles.
54 B) Good parenting benefits society.
55 B) They fail to provide enough support for parents.
56 D) It is basically a social undertaking.
Passage 2
57 A) More young voters are going to the polls than before.
58 C) Whether young people will continue to support Obama’s policy.
59 D) Their lives in relation to Obama’s presidency.
60 C) Their utilization of the Internet.
61 D) They are indifferent to politics.
3.
Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are bad on the following passage.
籍组词组
夏天有哪些花开放As anyone who has tried to lo weight knows, realistic goal-tting generally produces the best results. That's partially becau it appears people who t realistic goals actually work more efficiently, and exert more effort, to achieve tho goals.
What's far less understood by scientists, however, are the potentially harmful effects of goal-tting.
Newspapers relay daily accounts of goal-tting prevalent in industries and business up and down both Wall Street and Main Street , yet there has been surprisingly little rearch on how the long-trumpeted practice of tting goals may have contributed to the current economic crisis , and unethical （不道德的）behavior in general.
“Goals are widely ud and promoted as having really beneficial effects. And yet, the same motivation that can push people to exert more effort in a constructive way could also motivate people to be more likely to engage in unethical behaviors,” says Maurice Schweitzer, an associate professor at Penn’s Wharton School.
“It turns out there’s no economic benefit to just having a goal---you just get a psychological benefit” Schweitzer says. “But in many cas, goals have economic rewards that make them more powerful.”
A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collap of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers ud financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable.
Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the ca in the early 1990s when Sears impod a sales quota on its auto repair staff. It prompted employees to overcharge for work and to complete unnecessary repairs on a companywide basis.公司项目
Schweitzer concedes his rearch runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-tting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team’s u of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-tting is widely over-prescribed.
