Advances in Studies of Genetic Improvement of Sugarcane
Mingfu WEN ，Junxian YANG *，Fangyin PAN ，Wenlong WU ，Yuegui CHEN ，Jinyan GUAN
Guangzhou Sugarcane Industry Ｒearch Institute /Guangdong Key Lab of Sugarcane Improvement ＆Biorefinery ，Guangzhou 510316，China巨蟹男和巨蟹女
Abstract Sugarcane （Saccharum spp．）is a large perennial herbaceous plant that is cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the
world ，and it is also one of the most efficient crops in the world in converting energy from sunlight into chemical energy．As an esntial sugar
crop and energy crop ，
sugarcane is receiving an increasing concern for its variety improvement．Traditional breeding and cultivation techniques have contributed a lot to increasing sugarcane yield and sucro content．In recent years ，development and application of biotechnology provide much help for genetic improvement of sugarcane．For convenience of breeders fully knowing advances in studies of sugarcane genetic improve-ment ，this paper elaborated conventional breeding ，genomics ，GM tec
月经不能吃什么hnology ，and molecular marker assisted breeding．Key words Sugarcane ，Genetic improvement ，Genomics ，Transgene technology ，Molecular marker assisted breeding免费中国象棋
Ｒeceived ：September 1，
2016Accepted ：November 10，2016Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province （2014A030304012，2014A020208012，2015A030302009）；Science and Tech-nology Planning Project of Zhanjiang City （2015A03014）．*Corresponding author．E-mail ：siriyjx@163．com
1Introduction
Sugarcane （Saccharum spp．）is the largest sugarcane crop in Chi-na and the world．Sucro accounts for more than 75%of the total sugar yield of the world ，and more than 90%of China's sugar yield．Sugarcane is also the first generation bioenergy crop ，and it can be ud as renewable energy for production of fuel ethanol and biomass products．From the 1970s ，many countries started formu-lating the clean energy strategy of developing fuel ethanol to re-place oil．Among the countries ，Brazil was most successful in using sugarcane to produce fuel ethanol as power energy of auto-mobile．In 1979，the first bioenergy automobile using fuel ethanol as drive ap
吉洪昌peared．By 2003，there were 15．5million cars using mixed fuel of ethanol and oil ，and there were 2．2million cars completely using ethanol as the fuel ［1］．In 2010，the yield of bioenergy using sugarcane as main material had replaced about
47．6%energy consumption of Brazil ，bringing it to be the country with highest bioenergy utilization rate ［2］
．Sugarcane is the general-ly recognized C4plant with high photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation ability ［3－4］，and is the crop with highest per unit are
yield up to one ton ［5］
．According to statistics of the Food and Ag-riculture Organization （FAO ），in 2011/2012sugarcane crushing ason ，the total sugarcane yield of Brazil reached 7．34ˑ108t ，with the per unit area yield up to 76．45t /hm 2．In India and Chi-na ，the planting area ，total yield ，and average yield of sugarcane
was 4．94ˑ106hm 2，
电冰箱的英文3．42ˑ108t ，and 69．25t /hm 2，1．73ˑ106hm 2，1．15ˑ108t ，66．52t /hm 2parately．
怎样装修卫生间
2Target of sugarcane genetic improvement
Sugarcane is an esntial sugar crop and energy crop ，and its vari-ety improvement is receiving clo attention．Sugarcane has unique genetic mode．It is allopolyploid crop generated through a
ries of hybridization of polyploid Saccharum officinarum L．（2n =80，X =10）as female parent and Saccharum spontaneum L．（2n =40 128，X =8）as male parent．The number of chro-mosomes is 100－150，about 75%－85%from Saccharum offici-narum L．，and 15%－25%from Saccharum spontaneum L．In the first and cond time of hybridization process ，chromosomes were delivered in 2n +n special manner．Agronomic characters such as sugar content and yield of hybrid generation were rapidly recovered and stabilized．This process is called nobility process of sugarcane ［7］．However ，such unique genetic mode increas the difficulty in sugarcane genetic improvement．With rapid develop-ment of modern biotechnology ，and drop of genome quencing costs ，the development of sugarcane functional genomics and structural genomics plays a great role in promoting further develop-ment of sugarcane genetic improvement．Variety is the key for de-velopment of the sugarcane industry．Fine variety not only increa-s the per unit area yield and sucro content ，
reduces production costs ，but also extends the crushing period ，increas equipment
utilization rate of sugar factory ，
工作状态and obtains higher economic bene-fits．With reference to sugarcane production and development in China and foreign countries ，it is necessary to constantly upgrade varieties ，to promote sustainable and healthy development of sug-arcane industry and satisfy the market demands．According to re-quirements of modern sugarcane industry ，the sugarcane breeding targets can be classified into two types ：（i ）improvement of varie-ty traits ，including improving sugar content （sucro content ，brix ，apparent purity ，and gravity purity ），increasing yield （tille-ring capacity ，effective stalk number ，stalk diameter ，plant height ，growth rate ，sprouting rate ，and ratoon performance ），in-creasing stress resistance （dia resistance ，inct resistance ，lodging resistance ，drought resistance ，cold resistance and barren resistance ），and lecting varieties （sugarcane hair and defolia-tion ）［8－9］；（ii ）cultivation of different purpos of varieties ，mainly including sugar type sugarcane （fiber fraction ≤14%），energy type sugarcane （fiber fraction ≥30%），and sugar energy type sugarcane （fiber fraction ＜30%）［10］．
Asian Agricultural Ｒearch 2016，8（11）：66－70
秋天的田野图片
