呼吸科常用英文
询问病史 ca history
You need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of ont, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other dias /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco u, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.
General/biographical data,marital status, nativity, occupation, informant, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of prent illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infectious dias, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, cead for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spou’s health status, menorrhea (menarche age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopau, any menstrual pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions ,premature delivery, stillbirths, difficult labor, family history (any cong
enital dias, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cau of death, siblings and children)
常用的症状 symptoms
fever
Cough 咳嗽
Sputum (dry, purulent脓性的, copious green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰
wheezing
Dyspnea during exertion or at rest 呼吸困难
Orthopnea 端坐呼吸
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难
Shortness of breath （SOB）
Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感
Exerci intolerance
pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛
Pharyngalgia ; pharyngodynia 咽痛
Hemoptysis 咯血
Bucking 呛咳
Sneeze喷嚏
snore 打鼾
malai 不舒服
myalgia 肌痛
insomia 失眠
hoarness声嘶
dysphonia 发声困难
常见的体征 physical signs
clubbed fingers杵状指 : incread longitudinal and transver curvature ,loss of concave nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and incread soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx, drumstick- like
1美元
nicotine staining拿铁比例
cyanosis:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caud when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPa
peripheral cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail beds due to cold exposures
central cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lips
hand flap: due to CO2 retention
asterixis 扑翼样震颤
papilloedema 视乳头水肿
chemosis球结膜水肿
enlarged supraclavicular and axillary lymph nodes
incread respiratory rate
tachycardia 心动过速
pulsus paradoxus: >10 mmHg ↓on inspiration (en in vere asthma)三伏时间
barrel chest
hyperexpanded, decread expansion
kyphosis 驼背，脊柱后凸
怀宁方言采薇教案 Inspection:处女座金牛座
tachypnea 呼吸急促
accessory muscles of respiration: sternocleidomastoid muscle, arm support, alae flaring
wide or narrow intercostal space
tactile vocal fremitus 触觉语颤
subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感
Percussion:
resonance
dullness
flatness
hyperresonance
tympany
lower borders: scapular line X left/right intercostal space
range of mobility
Auscultation:
vocal resonance 语音共振
ronchi: wheeze , stridor , crackles, Velcro-like soundes
moist rales : coar, medium, fine, crepitus捻发音
pleural friction rubs
complete abnce of breath sounds
ankle edema
weight loss，cachexia恶病质，cachectic恶病质的
decread food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia食欲减退
楼开头的四字成语
常做的检查 examinations or laboratory findings
(to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have)
temperature charts 体温图 (take one’s body temperature)
sputum pot 痰盂
Blood/urine/stool routine, occult blood test
Blood biochemistry
Sputum /blood culture and drug nsitivity test
sputum cytology
Pul oximeter 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturation
Arterial blood gas analysis(ABG): arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoral artery puncture
PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbia
PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemia
respiratory failure:
type 1: decread O2 supply, PaO2＜60 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)
due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch (ventilation-perfusion(quotient)ratio)
pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, shunt
type 2: decread CO2 removal, PaCO2＞50 mmHg(millimeters of mercury)
due to alveolar ventilation failure
obstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasis
restrictive: neuromuscular (datives, myasthenia), structural (ankylosing spondylitis), pleural dias ,obesity
Chest X-ray/radiograph:
reticulo-nodular shadowing (reticular, linear, military nodules粟粒样结节)
coin lesions 硬币样好看的电影国产
cavities空腔：amphoric 空翁音的(breathing like blowing over a bottle top)
opacification浑浊：consolidation (air space infiltrate):
