2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(三）
Part I Writing(30 minutes) Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay bad on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caud by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
I just feel unfortunate to live in a world with
so much misleading information!
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A
Directions：In this ction, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pau. During the pau, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C)and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1.A) She has completely recovered. C) She is still in a critical condition.
B)She went into shock after an operation. D) She is getting much better.
2. A) Ordering a breakfast. C) Buying a train ticket.
B)Booking a hotel room. D) Fixing a compartment.
3. A) Most borrowers never returned the books to her.
B)The man is the only one who brought her book back.
C)She never expected anyone to return the books to her.
D)Most of the books she lent out came back without jackets.
4. A) She left her work early to get some bargains last Saturday.
B)She attended the supermarket’s grand opening ceremony.
C)She drove a full hour before finding a parking space.
D)She failed to get into the supermarket last Saturday.
5. A) He is bothered by the pain in his neck. C) He cannot afford to have a coffee break.
B)He cannot do his report without a computer. D) He feels sorry to have misd the report.
6. A) Only top art students can show their works in the gallery.
B)The gallery space is big enough for the man’s paintings.
C)The woman would like to help with the exhibition layout.
D) The man is uncertain how his art works will be received.
7. A) The woman needs a temporary replacement for her assistant.
B)The man works in the same department as the woman does.
C)The woman will have to stay in hospital for a few days.
D)The man is capable of dealing with difficult people.
铁燃烧的化学方程式
8. A) It was better than the previous one. C) It exaggerated the city’s economic problems.
B)It distorted the mayor’s speech.D) It reflected the opinions of most economists. Questions 9 to 12 are bad on the conversation you have just heard.
9. A) To inform him of a problem they face. C) To discuss the content of a project report.
B)To request him to purcha control desks. D) To ask him to fix the dictating machine.
10. A) They quote the best price in the market. C) They cannot deliver the steel sheets on time.
B)They manufacture and ll office furniture. D) They cannot produce the steel sheets needed.
11. A) By marking down the unit price. C) By allowing more time for delivery.
B)By accepting the penalty claus. D) By promising better after-sales rvice.
12. A) Give the customer a ten percent discount.
B)Claim compensation from the steel suppliers.
C)Ask the Buying Department to change suppliers.
常识大全D)Cancel the contract with the customer.
Questions 13 to 15 are bad on the conversation you have just heard.
13. A) Stockbroker. B) Physicist. C) Mathematician. D) Economist.
14. A) Improve computer programming. C) Predict global population growth.
B) Explain certain natural phenomena. D) Promote national financial health.
15. A) Their different educational backgrounds. C) Chaos theory and its applications.
B) Changing attitudes toward nature. D) The current global economic crisis.
Section B
Directions：In this ction, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choo the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then m
ark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are bad on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) They lay great emphasis on hard work. C) They require high academic degrees.
B) They name 150 star engineers each year. D) They have people with a very high IQ.
17. A) Long years of job training. C) Distinctive academic qualifications.
B) High emotional intelligence. D) Devotion to the advance of science.
18. A) Good interpersonal relationships. C) Sophisticated equipment.
B) Rich working experience. D) High motivation.
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 21 are bad on the passage you have just heard.
19. A) A diary. C) A history textbook.
B) A fairy tale. D) A biography.
20. A) He was a sports fan. C) He disliked school.
B) He loved adventures. D) He liked hair-raising stories.
21. A) Encourage people to undertake adventures. C) Rai people’s environmental awareness.
B) Publicize his colorful and unique life stories. D) Attract people to America’s national parks.
Passage Three
Questions 22 to 25 are bad on the passage you have just heard.
22.A) The first infected victim. C) The doctor who first identified it.
B) A coastal village in Africa. D) A river running through the Congo.
23. A) They exhibit similar symptoms. C) They have almost the same mortality rate
B) They can be treated with the same drug. D) They have both disappeared for good.
24. A) By inhaling air polluted with the virus. C) By drinking water from the Congo River.
B) By contacting contaminated body fluids. D) By eating food grown in Sudan and Zaire.
25. A) More strains will evolve from the Ebola virus.
希望的作文B)Scientists will eventually find cures for Ebola.
C)Another Ebola epidemic may erupt sooner or later.
D)Once infected, one will become immune to Ebola.
Section C
Directions：In this ction, you will hear a passage three time. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the cond time, y
ou are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。言词
The ideal companion machine would not only look, feel, and sound friendly but would also be programmed to behave in an agreeable manner. Tho 26 that make interaction with other people enjoyable would be simulated as cloly as possible, and the machine would 27 charming, stimulating, and easygoing. Its informal conversational style would make interaction comfortable, and yet the machine would remain slightly 28 and therefore interesting. In its first encounter it might be somewhat hesitant and unassuming, but as it came to know the ur it would progress to a more 29 and intimate style. The machine would not be a passive 30 but would add its own suggestions, information, and opinions; it would sometimes 31 in developing or changing the topic and would have a personality of its own.
The machine would convey prence. We have all en how a co mputer’s u of personal names often 32 people and leads them to treat the machine as if it were almost human. Such features are easily written into the software. By introducing 33 forcefulness and humor, the machine could be prented as a vivid and unique character.
Friendships are not made in a day, and the computer would be more acceptable as a friend if it 34 the gradual changes that occur when one person is getting to know another. At an 35 time it might also express the kind of affection that stimulates attachment and intimacy.
Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions：In this ction, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to lect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Plea mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not u any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are bad on the following passage.
As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that 36 to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never clo. It’s no surpri, then, that more than half of American adults don’t get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as 37 by sleep experts.
外婆的笑
个性签名吧Whether or not we can catch up on sleep—on the weekend, say —is a hotly 38 topic among sleep rearchers.
The latest evidence suggests that while it isn’t 39 , it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep rearcher and professor of medicine, brought 40 sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed 41 in the ability of insulin（胰岛素）to process blood sugar. That suggests that catch-up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep 42 caus, which is encouraging, given how many adults don’t get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn’t 43 to endor the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.
五大湖区Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 44 an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill will 45 one area of the brain, but there’s never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, becau you couldn’t really replicate（复制）the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep,”says Dr. Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center.
Section B
Directions：In this ction, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may
经典古装电视剧choo a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the
corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Climate change may be real, but it’s still not easy being green
How do we convince our inner caveman to be greener? We ask some outstanding social scientists.
A)The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with
carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behaviour. We get distracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promi not to fly after hearing about a neighbour’s trip to India. Ultimately, we can’t be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us.
B)Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find it hard to believe that global
warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Rearch Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 percent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.
C)This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. “When we can’t actually remove the source of our fear,
we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms,” says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organisation World Wide Fund for Nature.
D)Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will
have an immediate impact. “We worry most about now becau if we don’t survive for the next minute, we’re not going to be around in ten years’ time,” says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Rearch on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks —and benefits—associated with issues that lie some way ahead.
E) Matthew Rush worth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, es this in his lab every
day. “One of the ways in which all agents em to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are
going to be further away in the future,” he s ays. “This is a very nsible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years.”
F)Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat pod by climate change, it could well be too late. And if we’re not
going to make rational decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.
G)Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge:Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness, by Richard
Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions一such as saving more in our pension plans—by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make u of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would be too lazy to challenge them.
H)Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our
group mentality （心态）. “We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change,” says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Rearch in Norwich. “It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are,
what is en as desirable in society.I n other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to e what the rest of the tribe are up to.
I)The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in —and measuring us
against—our peer group. “Social norms are primitive and elemental,” says Dr. Robert Cialdini, author of Influence： The Psychology of Persuasion.“Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd together.. .just perceiving norms is enough to cau people to adjust their behaviour in the direction of the crowd.
J)The norms can take us beyond good intentions. Cialdinr conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people’s doors. Some of the messages mentio ned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility. But it was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power u.
K)Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy u with the local average is enough to cau them to modify their behaviour. The Conrvatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on p
eopled bills.
L)Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for lf-destructive behaviour. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly（不经意地）imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. “Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour, the message needs to marginali it, for example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent.”
M)Tapping into how we already e ourlves is crucial. The most successful environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own n of identity. Take your average trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated and be ud to collective action—much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union, she is tting up one of 1 100 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environmental campaign aimed at trade unionists.
N)Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychology right—in this ca, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organising g
roups. “I think it’s a terrific idea,” she says o f the campaign. “The union backing it makes members think there must be something in it. She is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.
O)Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of activity is where the future of environmental action lies. “Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK,” he says. The “Love Food, Hate Waste” campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network—the Women’s Institute. Londoner Rachel Taylor joined the
