Chapter 1
1.the geographical composition of the U.K.: two/four parts
2.the population: the majority / the earliest inhabitants
3.the English language: the Germanic group of the Indo-European family / three
periods
Chapter 2
4.Westminster Abbey
5.1066, Norman Conquest, feudalism
6.Henry II—jury system
7.Magna Carta
8.the Hundred Y ears’ War
9.Hou of Tudor: medieval to modern
10.Religious Reformation: the Roman Catholic Church VS. Henry VIII
11.two camps of the Civil War
12.the Glorious Revolution, the Bill of Rights, constitutional monarchy
13.the Industrial Revolution: reasons / effects
14.the British Empire —colonization
15.Three Majestic Circles
Chapter 3
16.the British Constitution: three parts
17.a division of powers among three branches
宋定国
18.Parliament —the law-making body; two hous
儿童帽
The Hou of Commons —center of parliamentary power论语赏析
19.the role of the Prime Minister
20.The Hou of Lords —Supreme Court
21.Scotland —a distinct legal system
22.right/left wing party
23.a general election —every 5 years
24.The Commonwealth —decolonization; an unpolitical union of sovereign states
Chapter 4
25.Margaret Thatcher and her controversial policies
26.three ctors of economy —primary, condary and tertiary
27.the major trends in the British economy
28.two pillar industries of the current British economy
Chapter 5
29.British compulsory education —5 to 16
30.four stages
condary education —comprehensive school
further education —sixth form
31.two systems
independent system —public schools
32.GCSE, A-levels
33.Oxford University —oldest
鹅汤
Cambridge University —more Nobel Prize winners打造什么样的团队
34.“Big Three” of the quality press
35.Boxing Day / Easter / Trooping the Color / Bonfire Night
Chapter 6
36.the Renaissance —sonnet / drama
William Shakespeare, Hamlet
37.the Neo-Classical Period:
Jonathan Swift —satire, Gulliver’s Travels
Daniel Defoe —progenitor of the novel in English, Robinson Crusoe
38.the Romantic Period
the Lake Poets / cond generation
39.the Victoria Period —novel
Realism: Charles Dickens / Thomas Hardy
New literary trends —Neo-Romanticism / Aestheticism
40.the Modern Period:
stream of consciousness
Chapter 8
41.Stars and Stripes
42.50 states (48+2) and Washington D.C.
the smallest and the largest
43.the Appalachian Range / Rocky mountains
44.Great Lakes / Niagara Falls
45.the Mississippi River
46.New England
47.New Y ork (the largest city), Los Angeles (cond largest), San Francisco (largest
Chinatown)
48.population —while /blacks / asians / natives / mixed race
49.a “melting pot” and a “salad bowl”
50.dominant American culture / cultural diversity
Chapter 9
51.1607, James Town
52.American War of Independence
first shots / turning point / a decisive victory
53.1755, Philadelphia, the Second Continental Congress
54.July 4th, 1776, Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration of Independence
Independence Day (the national day)
55.American Civil War
Abraham Lincoln, Emancipation Proclamation—abolishing slavery
56.America’s policy at the first stage of WWI —neutrality
America’s policy at the first stage of WWII —“sit on the fence”
The direct cau for America’s entrance into WWII —Pearl Harbor Attack
57.Franklin D. Roovelt —“New Deal” aimed at Great Depression
58.“Truman Doctrine”—the Cold War (containment and intervention)
59.the Vietnam War —Einhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
60.Richard M. Nixon
two diplomatic breakthroughs; the Watergate Scandal
Chapter 10
61.the Constitution of the U. S.
1787; checks and balances; the first ten amendments—Bill of Rights; 27 amendments
62.federalism / the paration of powers
63.Congress —the legislative branch —to pass laws
the Senate amd the Hou of Reprentatives
< introduce a bill —to hold hearings —to report to the Congress —to go to
the President for approval
65.the President’s powers —limited
66.the qualification of a candicate for President
67.the Supreme Court —one Chief Justice+ eight Associate Justices
68.a two-party system —a donkey and an elephant
69.a general election, not a direct election / every 4 years
538 electors (270 needed to win) / Electoral College System / “winner-take-all”
(two exceptions)
Chapter 11
70.progress of the modern American economy: colonial—farming—industrial
71.Wall Street —financial rvices industry
Detroit —automobile industry
事业线是什么意思Silicon V alley —high-tech industry
Chapter 12
72.ideals of American Education
73.three stages of American educational system
家和12-year compulsory education —elementary and condary
74.Ivy League —8 top private universities with long history
Harvard University —the oldest
75.The New York Times(the most influential); The Washington Post(the cond
largest & the first to expo the Watergate scandal)
76.Thanksgiving ( the origin; celebration: significance)
Chapter13
77.the Romantic Period
James Fennimore Cooper —the author of the “Leather Stocking Tales”
Ralph Waldo Emerson —the chief spokesman of Transcendentalism
Nathaniel Hawthorne —The Scarlet Letter
Edgar Allan Poe —detective story / science fiction / horror fiction
Herman Melville —Moby Dick/The Whale
two founts of American poetry —Walt whitman (free ver) & Emily Dickinson 78.the Realistic Period
Mark Twain —colloquialism; the true father of American modern literature 79.the Naturalistic Period
Theodore Dreir —describing the sordid side of the everyday life of the lower society
肉馅馄饨Sister Carrie; An American Tragedy
80.the Modern Period
the Lost Generation & the Beat Movement
Tory Morrison —the first African-American Nobel Prize Winner
