Lesson 1
1．And it is an activity only of humans.
And it is a human unique activity．2．Conversation is not for making a point.
Conversation is not to convince others．
3．In fact, the best conversationalists are tho who are prepared to be lo.
In fact, the best conversationalists are tho who are willing to be lo.
4.Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. Bar friends are not deeply concerned with each other’s private lives.
The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．
6. There are cattle in the field, but we sit down to beef.
The animals are called cattle in English, when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef in French．
7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.
The new ruling class had caud the cultural contradictions between the ruling class and native English by regarding French superior to English.
8.English had come royally into its own.
English had gained recognition by the King．
9．The phra has always been ud a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower class. The phra, the king’s English has always been ud disrespectfully and made fun by the lower class.
10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. There is still opposition to cultural monopoly.
11. There is always a great danger that “words will harden into things for us”
We tend to make the mistake that we regard the things as they reprent.
12. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.
Even the most educated and literated people will not always u the formal English in their conversation．
Lesson 2
1. The burying--ground is merely
a huge waste of hummocky earth,
like a derelict building-lot.
The burying-ground is just a huge
piece of wasteland full of mounds
of earth, looking like a derted
construction land.
2.All colonial empires are in
reality founded upon that fact.
All colonial empires are built by
exploiting the local people.
3. They ri out of the earth, they
sweat and starve for a few years,
and then they sink back into the
nameless mounds of the
graveyard.
They are born. Then they work hard
without enough food for a few
years. Finally they die and are
buried in the hills graves without
any mark to identify them.
4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at
a prehistoric lathe, turning
chair-legs at lighting speed.
青沐鱼A carpenter sits crossing his legs at
an old-fashioned lathe, making
round chair-legs very fast.
5. Instantly, from the dark holes
all round, there was a frenzied
rush of Jews.
Immediately, Jews rushed out of
their dark hole-like rooms nearby
in a frenzy madness.
6.every one of them looks on a
cigarette as a more or less
impossible luxury.
Every one of the Jews considers
the cigarette as a somewhat piece
of luxury which they can not
possibly afford.
7. Still, a white skin is always
fairly conspicuous.
However, a white-skinned
European is easy to notice in a fair
way.
8. In a tropical landscape one’s
eye takes in everything except
the human being.
Against the background of a
tropical landscape, people could
notice everything but they cannot
e local people.
9. No one would think of running
cheap trips to the Distresd
Areas
No one would propo the cheap
trips to the slums．
10．...for nine-tenths of the
people the reality of life is an
endless, back-breaking struggle
to wring a little food out of an
eroded soil.
The real life of nine-tenths of the
people is that there is no end to
their extremely hard work in order
to get a little food from an eroded
soil．
11. She accepted her status as an
old woman, that is to say as a
beast of burden.
She took it for granted that as an
old woman she should work like an
animal．
12.People with brown skins are
next door to invisible.
People who have brown skins are
almost invisible．
13. Their splendid bodies were
hidden in reach-me-down khaki
<
The soldiers wore cond—hand
khaki uniforms which covered their
beautiful well—built bodies．
14. How long before they turn
their guns in the other direction?
How long will it take for them to
attack us?
15. Every white man there had
this thought stowed somewhere
or other in his mind.
It is certain that every white man
realized this.
Lesson3
1.And yet the same revolutionary
belief for which our forebears
fought is still at issue around the
<
And yet the same revolutionary
belief which is the aim of our
ancestors is still in dispute around
the world.
2. This much we pledge--and
more.
This much we promi to do and
we promi to do more.
3. United, there is little we cannot
do in a host of cooperative
ventures.
If we are united, there is almost
nothing we can not do through a
lot of cooperation.
4. But this peaceful revolution of
hope cannot become the prey of
hostile powers.
But this peaceful revolution which
can bring hope in a peaceful way
can not fall victims to enemy
country.
5. .... Our last best hope in an age
where the instruments of war
have far outpaced the
instruments
The United Nations is our last and
best hope in the era where means
of launching war have far
surpasd means of keeping peace.
6. ...to enlarge the area in which
its writ
to increa the area where the UN’
s written documents may be
effective.
destruction unleashed by science
engulf all humanity in planned or
before the evil atom weapon made possible by science destroy all human beings in a planned way or by accident.
< both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind’s However both trying to change that unstable balance of weapons and this balance of weapons could prevent human beings from launching their final war.
9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign So let us begin once again to realize that politeness does not mean weakness.
10. Let both sides ek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.
I suggest both sides try to u science to make wonders for human beings rather than terrors.
11. ...each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty.
There are Americans from every generation who answer the call of the country to prove their loyalty to the country.
12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land Our certain reward is our good conscience and history will judge our deeds, therefore, let us try to be pioneers in building our beloved country.
Unit5
1.The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the
<
At the very mention of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.
2.The rejection of Victorian gentility was , in any
ca ,inevitable .
In any ca,an American could not avoid casting aside middle-class respectability and affected refinement.
3.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the Victorian social structure.
唐筛结果看男女In America at least,the young
people were strongly inclined to
shirk their responsibilities. They
pretended to be worldly-wi,
drinking and behaving naughtily.
5.Prohibition afforded the young
the additional opportunity of
making their
The young found greater pleasure
in drinking becau Prohibition, by
making drinking unlawful,added a
n of adventure.
under foreign flags.
Our young men joined the armies
of foreign countries to fight in the
war.
fun before the whole thing
turned belly up.”
The young wanted to take part in
the glorious adventure before the
whole ended.
<
The young people could no
longer adapt themlves to lives in
their hometowns or their families.
to face the sodden,Napoleonic
cynicism of Versailles,the
hypocritical do-goodism of
<
The returning veteran also had to
face the stupid cynicism of the
victorious allies in Versailles who
acted as cynically as Napoleon
did,and to face Prohibition which
the lawmakers hypocritically
assumed would do good to the
people.
10.Something in the
tension-ridden youth of America
had to “give”...
(Under all this force and
pressure)something in the youth of
America,who were already very
ten ,had to break down.
hopeful young writers , their
minds and pens inflamed against
经典小说排行榜前十名war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical”
gentility, should flock to the
traditional
It was only natural that hopeful
young writers ,who minds and
writings were full of violent anger
against war, Babbittry,and
“Puritanical”gentility,should
come in largen numbers to live in
Greenwich Village, the traditional
artistic center.
12.Each town had its “fast”t
which prided itlf on itlf on its
<
Each town was proud that it had a
group of wild ,reckless people,who
lived unconventional lives.
Unit7
1.With a clamor of bells that t
the swallows soaring, the Festiva
l of Summer came to the city Om
elas.
The loud ringing of the bells, whic
h nt the frightened swallows flyi
ng high, marked the beginning of t
he Festival of Summer in Omelas.
2. ..Their high calls rising like the
swallows’ crossing flights over t
he music and singsing.
The shouting of the children could
be heard clearly above the music a
nd singing like the calls of the swal
lows flying by overhead.
3. ..Exercid their restive hors
before the race.
The riders were putting the hors
through some exercis becau t
代岳东he hors were eager to start
and stubbornly resisting the contr
ol of the riders.
4. Given a description such as thi
s one tends to make certain assu
mptions.
After reading the above descriptio
n the reader is likely to assume cer
tain things.
5. This is the treason of artist: a r
efusal to admit the banality of ev
il and the terrible boredom of pai
n.
An artist betrays his trust when he
does not admit that evil is nothing
fresh nor novel and pain is very du
ll and uninteresting.
6. They were nature, intelligent,
passionate adults who lives we
re not wretched.
They were fully developed and inte
lligent grown-up people full of inte
n feelings and they were not mis
erable people.
7. Perhaps it would be best if you
imagined it as your own fancy bi
ds, assuming it will ri to the oc
casion.
Perhaps it would be best if the rea
der pictures Omelas to himlf as
his imagination tells him, assuming
his imagination will be equal to th
e task.
8. The faint insistent sweetness o
f drooz may perfume the way of
the city.
The faint but compelling sweet sce
nt of the drug drooz may fill the st
reets of the city.
9. Perhaps it was born defective,
or perhaps it has become imbecil
e through fear, malnutrition and
neglect.
Perhaps the child was mentally ret
arded becau it was born so or pe
rhaps it has become very foolish a
nd stupid becau of fear, poor no urishment and neglect.
10. Its habits are too uncouth for it to respond to humane treatm ent.
The habits of the child are so crud e and uncultured that it will show no sign of improvement even if it i s treated kindly and tenderly. 11. Their tears at the bitter injust ice dry when they begin to perce ive the terrible justice of reality, and to accept it.
They shed tears when they e ho w terribly unjust they have been to the child, but the tearsdry up w hen they realize how just and fair t hough terrible reality was.
Unit8
The English people may hotly argue and abu and quarrel with each other , but there still exists a lot of natural sympathetic feelings for each other in their hearts. 2....at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them. What the wealthy employers would really like to do is to whip all the workers whom they regard as lazy and troublesome.
There are not many snarling shop stewards in the workshop,nor are there many cruel wealthy employers on the board of directors.
4.It demands bigness ,and they are suspicious of bigness.
The contemporary world demands that everything should be done on a big scale and the English do not trust bigness.
5.Against this , at least superficially ,Englishness ems a poor
At least on the surface ,when Englishness is put against the power and success of Admass , Englishness ems to put up a rather poor performance. 6....while Englishness is not hostile to change,it is deeply suspicious of change for change’
Englishness is not against change, but it believes that changing just for change’s sake and not other uful purpos is very wrong and harmful.
7.To put cars and motorways before hous ems to
Englishness a communal
imbecility.
To regard cars and motorways as
more important than hous
ems to Englishness a public
stupidity.
8.I must add that while
Englishness can still fight
on ,Admass could be winning.
I must further say that while
Englishness can go on fighting,
there is a great possibility for
Admass to win.
9.It must have some moral
capital to draw upon,and soon it
may be asking for an overdraft.
Englishness draws its strength from
a rervoir of strong moral and
枣树图片ethical principles ,and soon it may
be asking for strength which this
rervoir of principles cannot
provide.
10.They probably believe ,as I do ,
that the Admass”Good Life”is a
fraud on all counts.
There people probably believe ,as I
do,that the “Good Life”promid
by Admass is fal and dishonest in
all respects.
satisfaction in this scrounging
messy existence, which does
nothing for a man’s lf-respect.
He will not even find much
satisfaction in this untidy and
disordered life where he manages
to live as a parasite by sponging on
people. This kind of life does not
help a person to build up any
lf-respect.
12.To them the Hou of
Commons is a remote
squabbling-shop.
The people consider the Hou
of Commons as a place rather far
away from them where some
people are always quarreling and
arguing over some small matters.
shoulders that have been
shrugging away politics.
They were very wrong to ignore
politics for they can now suddenly
and for no reason be arrested and
thrown into prison.
Unit10
1. It is a complex fate to be an A
merican.
The fate of an American is complic
ated and hard to understand.
Europe than I was.
They were uneasy and uncomforta
ble in Europe as I was.
ur parate identities.
They were all trying to find their o
wn special individualities.
4. I do not think that could have
made this reconciliation here.
I don't think I could have accepted
in America my Negro status witho
ut feeling ashamed.
and occupational lines there than
it is here.
It is easier in Europe for people of
different social groups and occupa
灵宝旅游景点大全
tions to intermingle and have soci
al intercour.
6. A man can be as proud of bein
g a good waiter as of being a go
od actor, and in neither ca feel
threatened. In Europe a good wait
er and a good actor are equally pr
oud of their social status and posit
ion. They are not jealous of each o
ther and do not live in fear of losin
g their position.
7. I was born in New York, but ha
ve lived only in pockets of it.
I was born in New York but have liv
ed only in some small areas of the
city.
8. This reasssment, which can
be very painful, is also very valua
ble.
The reconsideration of the signific
ance and importance of many thin
gs that one had taken for granted i
n the past can be very painful, tho
ugh very valuable.
9. On this acceptance, literally, th
e life o
f a writer depends.
The life of a writer really depends o
n his accepting the fact that no ma
tter where he goes or what he doe
s he will always carry the marks of
his origins.
10. American writers do not have
高等数学2a fixed society to describe.
American writers live in a mobile s
ociety where nothing is fixed, so th
ey do not have a fixed society to d
escribe.
11..Every society is really governe
d by hidden laws, by unspoken b
ut profound assumptions on the
part of the people.
Every society is influenced and d
irected by hidden laws, and by
盈利点many things deeply felt and
taken for granted by the people, th
ough not openly spoken about.
