专业英语八级（改错）模拟试卷38 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION
PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Directions: Proofread the given passage. The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each ca, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:(1)For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.(2)For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write t
The Moralization Switch The starting point for appreciating that there is a distinctive part of our psychology for morality is eing how moral judgments differ from otherkind of opinions we have on how people ought to behave. Moralization is a (1)______psychological state that can be turned on and off like switch, and when it is (2)______on, a distinctive mind-t commandeers our thinking. This is the mind-tthat ma
kes us deem actions moral (“killing is wrong”), rather than merely (3)______disagreeable (“I hate brusls sprouts”), unfashionable (“bell-bottoms are out”) or imprudent (“don’t scratch mosquito bites”). The first hallmark ofmoralization is the rules it invokes are felt to be universal. Prohibitions of (4) ____rape and murder, for example, are felt not to be matters of local custom as (5)______ to be universally and objectively warranted. One can easily say, “I don’t likebrusls sprouts, but I don’t care if you ate them,” but no one would say, “I (6)______don’t like killing, but I don’t care if you murder someone.” The other hallmark is that people feel that tho who commit immoral acts derve to bepunished. Not only is it allowable to inflict pain to a person who has broken (7)______a moral rule; it is wrong not to, to “let them get away from it.” People are (8)______thus untroubled in inviting divine retribution or the power of the state to harm other people they deem it immoral. Bertrand Rusll wrote, 决定命运“The in- (9)______ fliction of cruelty with a good conscience is a delight to moralists—that is how (10)______ they invented hell.”
1． (1)
正确答案：kind — kinds
解析：此处指除道德判断以外的所有其他看法，是复数，因此kind应改为kinds。 知识模块：改错
2． (2)
正确答案：∧switch — a
解析：switch作名词时，意思是“开关”，是可数名词，所以添加不定冠词a。 知识模块：改错
3． (3)
正确答案：moral — immoral
解析：根据句意“正是这种心理定势让我们判断某些行为是不道德的(“谋杀是错的”)、令人不快的(“我讨厌小椰菜”)……”此处应为immoral。 知识模块：改错
4． (4)
正确答案：is∧the — that
解析：系动词is后面的从句是一个表语从句，这种从句的引导词that不能省略。 知识模块：改错
5． (5)
正确答案：as — but
解析：本句是not．．．but(不是……而是)这个搭配，matters of local custom中的local跟后面的universally相对，可以判断是意思相反的并列关系。 知识模块：改错
不要说谎6． (6)
正确答案：ate — eat
解析：主句的动词用的是don’t care，所以if从句里应该是一般现在时。本句是陈述语气，主从句应该一致。 知识模块：改错
7． (7)
正确答案：第二个to — on/upon
解析：动词inflict的搭配是inflict sth．on／upon sb．，因此介词to改为on或者upon。 知识模块：改错
8． (8)
正确答案：from — with
解析：get away from的意思是“从……离开”，get away with的意思是“做成(坏事或错事)而不受惩罚”。 知识模块：改错
9． (9)
正确答案：it — /
解析：关系分句they deem immoral修饰other people，deem的宾语是被省略的关系代词who或whom，此处的it是多余的。 知识模块：改错
10． (10)
正确答案：how —why
解析：本句大意是“对道德家来说，良心不受谴责地施行冷酷的惩罚是一种愉悦。——这就是为什么他们发明了地狱。”无法理解为“这就是他们如何发明地狱的”，所以how应该改为why。 知识模块：改错
Why don’t people just say what they mean? The reason is that conversational partners are not modems downloading information into each other’s brains. People are very, very touchy about their relationships. Whenever we speak to someone, you are presuming (1)______two of you have a certain degree of familiarity—which (2)______your words might alter. So every ntence has to do twothings for once: convey a message and continue to negotiate (3)______with that relationship. The clearest example is ordinary politeness. When (4)______you are at a dinner party and want the salt, you don’t blurt out, “Gimme thesalt.” So, you u what linguists call a whimperative, as in “Do you think (5)______you could pass the salt?” or “If you could pass the salt, that will be awe- (6)______some.” Taken literally, the ntences are inane. The cond is an overstatem咳嗽可以吃什么
学生个人目标怎么写ent, and the answer to the first is obvious. Fortunately, the hearer assumesthat the speaker is irrational and listens between the lines. Yes, your point (7)______is to request the salt, but you’re doing it in such a way that first takes careto establish what linguist call “felicity conditions”, or the prerequisites to (8)______make a nsible request. The underlying rationale is that the hearer not be (9)______given a command but simply is asked or advid about one of the necessary (10)______conditions for passing the salt. Your goal is to have your need satisfied without treating the listener as a flunky who can be bosd around at will.
11． (1)
正确答案：we — you
解析：上下文中表示泛指的代词都是you，所以we应该改为you。 知识模块：改错
12． (2)
正确答案：∧two —the
解析：此处一共只有两人，要表达的意思是“你们两个人”，而two of you的意思是“你们中的两个人”，所以需要添加定冠词the。 知识模块：改错
13． (3)
正确答案：for — at
解析：句子大意是“所以每个句子同时在做两件事情”，表达“同时”的含义，应该用atonce而不是for once(做一次)。 知识模块：改错
14． (4)
正确答案：with — /
解析：negotiate with的意思是“跟某人谈判”，此处的宾语是that relationship，所以不通。而negotiate还可以做及物动词，意思是“通过谈判建立(条约、协议、关系)”，所以应该删掉with。 知识模块：改错
15． (5)
正确答案：So — Rather或Instead
解析：前一句的大意是“当你在一个晚宴上需要盐的时候，你不会突兀地说‘把盐给我’”，本句的意思是“你会采用语言学家所说的间接的说法，比如……”。两者之间有转折关系，所以不能用so，应该用rather或instead。需要注意的是，此处不能用however或者nevertheless等表示让步的连接性状语。 知识模块：改错
16． (6)
港大面试
正确答案：will — would
解析：本句是日常会话中表示礼貌的常用说法，if从句用虚拟语气，主句也应保持一致。另一种改法是把could去掉，使句子成为陈述语气，不够恰当。 知识模块：改错
17． (7)
正确答案：irrational — rational
混声唱法怎么练
解析：根据句首的fortunately(幸运的是)，这里的意思应该是听话人认为讲话人是理性的(rational)，而不是非理性的(irrational)。 知识模块：改错
18． (8)
正确答案：linguist — linguists
解析：linguist是可数名词，一般以复数形式或者a linguist的形式出现，由于动词的形式是call，所以应该用linguists，而且上文也出现过同样的说法。 知识模块：改错
19． (9)
正确答案：make — making
最简单破小人方法
解析：prerequisites(前提)跟介词to搭配，意思是“……的前提”，不能跟不定式to搭配，所以make应该改为making。 知识模块：改错
20． (10)
正确答案：is — be
解析：前面的分句thehearer。not be given a command中，be以原形出现，由于but是并列连词，前后应该对称，因而此处的is也应该用原形，所以改为be。 知识模块：改错
I e no conflict in what the Bible tells me about God and what science tells me about nature. Like St. Augustine in A.D. 400, I do not findthe wording of Genesis 1 and 2 to suggest a scientific textbook or a power- (1)_____ful and poetic description of God’s intentions in creating the univer. Themechanics of creation is left unspecified. If God, who is all powerful and (2)______who is limited by space and time, cho to u the mechanism of evolution (3)______to create you and me, who are us to say that wasn’t an absolutely elegant (4)______plan? And if God has now given us the intelligence and the opportunity todiscover his methods, which is something to celebrate. I lead the Human (5)____Genome Project, which has now revealed all of the 3 billion letters of our own DNA instruction book. I am also a Christian. For me scientific discovery is also an occasion of worship. Nearly no working biologists accept that (6)______ the principles of variation and natural lection explain how multiple species evolved like a common ancestor over very long periods of time. I find no (7)compelling examples that this proces
s is insufficient to explain a rich variety (8)______of life forms prent in this planet. While no one could claim yet to have (9)____ferreted out every detail of how evolution works, I do not e any significant “gaps”工之侨献琴文言文翻译 in the progressive development of life’s complex structures that would not require divine intervention. (10) ______
