考研英语真题阅读题型解析
Directions ：
Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or fal. Choo T if the statement is true or F it the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)
Copying Birds May Save Aircraft Fuel
Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and 350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of rearchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel u and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.
乌头马角The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, scientists have known that birds flying in formation-a V-shape-expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls u
pwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spends less energy propelling themlves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California, has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increa of 71%.
When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modeled what would happen if three pasnger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and I as Vegas were to asmble over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation occasionally change places so all could have a turn in the most favorable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (coupled with a reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.横式计算
There are, of cour, knots to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would pasngers feel comfortable travelling in companion? Dr Kroo
points out that the aircraft could be parated by veral nautical miles, and would not be in the intimate groupings favored by display teams like the Red Arrows, A pasnger peering out of the window might not even e the other planes. Whether the paration distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation Organization has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.
It remains to be en how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of incread turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of pasnger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flight.战争的故事
As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the on ca already. Earlier this year the co
untry’s Defence Advanced Rearch Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the program has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the Second World War, but Dr Lissaman says they are unsubstantiated. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” 飞流直下三千尺疑是银河落九天he adds. So he should know.
文章的英文
41. Findings of the Stanford University rearchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.
42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.
43. Formation flight is more comfortable becau pasngers can not e the other plans.
44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.
45. It has been documented that during World War Ⅱ, America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.
斗牛士阿利斯塔2011年英语二Reading-Part B
Directions:东倒西歪的反义词
Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government’s role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impo “fat taxes” on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
The demands follow comments made last week by the health cretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promid to free business from public health regulations.
But nior medical figures want to shop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict
advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food products such as McDonald's.
校园文案They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain’s addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity，diabetes and heart dia. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be en to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.
