(一)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Rearch, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing rearch that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the rearchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herlf to a snack. An actor hired by the rearchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cas she wore a specially designed fat suit which incread her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the cond test, in one ca the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other ca, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
感动造句The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we’ll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit becau I e the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
1. What is the recent study mainly about?
粮票回收价
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
2. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
3. Why did the rearchers hire the actor?
A. To e how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
文明安全手抄报D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
理想是石4. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
扒广肚A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
弥漫造句>永遇乐京口北固亭怀古教案C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
【答案】1.D 2. D 3. A 4. C
【解析】本文为说明文，文章介绍了饮食同伴体型和消费习惯对个人饮食习惯的影响。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“According to a recent study …, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，我们饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量，故选D。
2.词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句上文“And contrary to existing rearch that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions”（与现有的研究结果相反的是，你应该避免和体重较胖的人一起吃饭，因为他们点的食物份量比较大）可知，beanpoles是heavier people的反义词，故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the rearchers conducted two experiments.”可知，招聘演员进行实验的目的是为了测试社交对饮食习惯的影响，故选A。
4.细节理解题。根据“adjust the influence”下文“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit becau I e the results of his eating habits…”可知，我们如何看待他人的饮食习惯很重要，故选C。
(二)
Human societies developed food preferences bad on what was available and what the group decided it liked most. Tho preferences were then pasd along as socially learned behaviors, values, knowledge and customs that make up culture. Besides humans, many other social animals are believed to exhibit forms of culture in various ways, too.再见我的爱
In fact, according to a new study led by Harvard scientist Liran Samuni, bonobos(倭黑猩猩), one of our clost living relatives, could be the latest addition to the list.
The rearchers studied the hunting and feeding habits of two neighboring groups of bonobos in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Analyzing the data, they saw many similarities in the lives of the two bonobo groups—the Ekalakala and the Kokoalongo. They also both have the access and opportunity to hunt the same kind of prey(猎物). This, however, is precily where rearchers noticed a striking difference.
The groups consistently preferred to hunt and feast on two different types of prey. The Ekalakala group went after an anomalure (鳞尾松鼠). The Kokoalongo group on the other hand, favored a duiker(小羚羊).
“It’s basically like two human cultures exploiting a common resource in different ways,” says Samuni. “Think about two cultures living clo to each other but having different preferences: One prefers chicken while the other is more of a beef-eating culture.”
