What gestures and attitudes express
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I’m the best person for this position.Sometimes, what you are communicating is so loud that what you are saying cannot be heard!We cannot not communicate! Not communicating is impossible becau all behaviour is communicative.(1) Consciously or unconsciously, we are constantly nding and receiving information. Most of that communication is taking place on a nonverbal level. Even when you do not want to communicate – you’re doing it anyway !
Our nonverbal communication (NVC) reveals our character, attitudes and feelings more accurately than our words do. Since nonverbal signals are more reliable than words, they have more effect on our listeners. When our verbal and nonverbal messages conflict, our listeners will rely on our NVC for the truth. They will listen to what we are not saying to know what we really mean.
What is NVC? We speak with our vocal chords, but we conver with our entire body.(2) That includes everything our body does, wears and sounds like: prence (position in space), appearance (grooming, clothing, cologne), physical expressions (gestures, visual contact, voice, touch), u of time (control), and intentional signals.What percentage of our communication is nonverbal?
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Ray L. Birdwhistell, who pioneered NVC, says 65%.(3)
Albert Mehrabian says 93%!(4) The point is: Key elements
of our message may be lost if we neglect our NVC. We
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cannot afford to overlook its importance, becau NVC
shapes how our verbal messages are interpreted – that
determines the success of our communication.
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Globalisation and new technologies prent special challenges in actualising communication. Author, Flora Davis, points out the possibilities for distortion: “If I can’t e (people), how can I guess their feelings? If I don’t know what they are thinking, what they are saying is of no importance.”(5)见财起意
Functions of nonverbal communication:
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P rovides feedback esntial to effective
communication.
C onveys character, attitude, emotions and
reaction – the face says it all.
R einforces verbal communication by adding
drama, flavour, stance and intention.
R eplaces verbal communication when words
are impossible, such as in a noisy crowd.
R egulates flow, such as an interruption, and indicates tone and type of interaction. Classifications of nonverbal communication:
1.Outward appearance
Includes physical characteristics and controllable elements such as clothing and hairstyle – prime criteria for first impressions.
2.Kinetic behaviour
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Includes body movements, such as gestures, facial expressions and body stance. Conveys messages, reveals feelings, reinforces the words, regulates flow of interaction and indicates respon. As anxiety and stress increa, kinetic behaviour intensifies.
In a courtroom, a defence lawyer complained, protesting that a judge’s behaviour had influenced the jury. During the procution’s plea, the judge had leaned forward, showing interest; when the defence had the floor, he leaned back, crossing his arms.
A person’s cultural background shapes their body language. According to Albert E. Scheflen, a specialist should be able to identify a United States resident’s home region by the way their forehead moves when they speak.(6)
3.Visual contact
Indicates train of thought (someone deep in thought generally looks away), verification of understand
ing (gazing attentively) and a desire to reply (incread movement).(7)
4.Touch
Classifications include functional, social, friendly, loving and xual.(8) Touch can also indicate hierarchy and authority.
5.Proximity (personal space limits/distance)
Intimate zone: contact-18’; family and intimate relationships.
Personal zone: 18’-4’; friends and confidantes.
Social zone: 4’-12’; acquaintances and business contacts.
Public zone: 12’+; public ttings and strangers.(9)
6.Paralanguage
Includes intonation, accent, volume and tempo. Ud in forming
judgments concerning intelligence, social position and geographical background.
Paus are a subgroup of paralanguage. When ud intentionally, silence is a powerful tool of communication, such as in the following story. Nikita Khrushchev was evoking the atrocities committed under Stalin when an anonymous voice cried out from the back of the room. “If Stalin was such a monster, Comrade Khrushchev, why did no one, including you, ri up against him?” The members of the Politburo were stunned. Khrushchev scrutinid the faces of the people prent. “Who said that?” he demanded. No one said a word – the silence was so gripping that the slightest breath could be heard. Finally, Khrushchev smiled and said, “Comrade, that is the reason no one intervened!” referring to the feeling of terror conveyed by the silence.
First impressions
The initial contact in any interaction determines the limits, roles and nature of the interaction, as each party determines whether to continue relating. According to Leonard Zunin, this takes about four minutes.(10)A positive first impression depends on at least four minutes of exemplary behaviour!
Most nonverbal signals are culture-specific. For instance, direct eye contact is considered impolite in some cultures and the meaning of hand gestures varies from country to country. Cross-cultural communications are commonplace in business today and require that we discover and obrve each individual’s standards of appropriate behaviour.
Listening to your listener
The bottom line on asssing NVC is that no single
behaviour can provide conclusive, accurate insight into
a person’s thoughts and feelings. Combinations of
behaviours – stance, posture, facial patterns and arm
movements combined – can provide a more accurate
interpretation of NVC.小孩腹肌
Interruptions in behaviour are particularly important
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to monitor. A sudden change in your listener’s NVC, from one expression to another, may point to something challenging in your message. If an individual has been listening attentively, then suddenly leans back and cross their arms, this movement may indicate that they feel threatened by something you just said or something they just remembered. Open questions will help you discover what your listener is experiencing and will help you regain their attention if their mind has simply drifted.
