生物信息学主要英文术语及释义
生物信息学主要英文术语及释义
Coding region of DNA. See CDS.
Expresd Sequence Tag (EST) （表达序列标签）
Randomly lected, partial cDNA quence; reprents it's corresponding mRNA. dbEST is a large databa of ESTs at GenBank, NCBI.
FASTA （一种主要数据库搜索程序）
The first widely ud algorithm for databa similarity arching. The program looks for optimal local alignments by scanning the quence for small matches called "words". Initially, the scores of gments in which there are multiple word hits are calculated ("init1"). Later the scores of veral gments may be summed to generate an "initn" score. An optimized alignment that includes gaps is shown in the output as "opt". The nsitivity and s
peed of the arch are inverly related and controlled by the "k-tup" variable which specifies the size of a "word". (Pearson and Lipman)
Extreme value distribution（极值分布）
Some measurements are found to follow a distribution that has a long tail which decays at high value s much more slowly than that found in a normal distribution. This slow-falling type is called the extreme value distribution. The alignment scores between unrelated or random quences are an example. The scores can reach very high value s, particularly when a large number of comparisons are made, as in a databa similarity arch. The probability of a particular score may be accurately predicted by the extreme value distribution, which follows a double negative exponential function after Gumbel.
Fal negative（假阴性）
A negative data point collected in a data t that was incorrectly reported due to a failure of the test in avoiding negative results.
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Fal positive （假阳性）
猪心的营养价值
A positive data point collected in a data t that was incorrectly reported due to a failure of the test. If the test had correctly measured the data point, the data would have been recorded as negative.最好的毛笔
Feed-forward neural network （反向传输神经网络）
Organizes nodes into quence layers in which the nodes in each layer are fully connected with the nodes in the next layer, except for the final output layer. Input is fed from the input layer through the layers in quence in a “feed-forward” direction, resulting in output at the final layer. See also Neural network.
Filtering (window size)
1994年During pair-wi quence alignment using the dot matrix method, random matches can be filtered out by using a sliding window to compare the two quences. Rather than comparing a single quence position at a time, a window of adjacent positions in the two
quences is compared and a dot, indicating a match, is generated only if a certain minimal number of matches occur.
中秋作文Filtering （过滤）
Also known as Masking. The process of hiding regions of (nucleic acid or amino acid) quence having characteristics that frequently lead to spurious high scores. See SEG and DUST.
Finished quence（完成序列）
Complete quence of a clone or genome, with an accuracy of at least 99.99% and no gaps.
Fourier analysis
Studies the approximations and decomposition of functions using trigonometric polynomials.
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Format (file)（格式）
Different programs require that information be specified to them in a formal manner, using particular keywords and ordering. This specification is a file format.
Forward-backward algorithm
工作年限证明Ud to train a hidden Markov model by aligning the model with training quences. The algorithm then refines the model to reduce the error when fitted to the given data using a gradient descent approach.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)（文件传输协议）
Allows a person to transfer files from one computer to another across a network using an FTP-capable client program. The FTP client program can only communicate with machines that run an FTP rver. The rver, in turn, will make a specific portion of its tile system available for FTP access, providing that the client is able to supply a recognized ur name and password to the rver.
Full shotgun clone （鸟枪法克隆）
A large-inrt clone for which full shotgun quence has been produced.
Functional genomics（功能基因组学）
Asssment of the function of genes identified by between-genome comparisons. The function of a newly identified gene is tested by introducing mutations into the gene and then examining the resultant mutant organism for an altered phenotype.
gap （空位/间隙/缺口）
