虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用
【经典例题】
1. If my lawyer _______ here last Saturday, he _______ me f rom going.
A. had been; would have prevented
B. had been; would pre vent
C. were; would prevent
D. were; would have prevented
2. If I had worn my overcoat, I _______cold.
A. won’t have caught B .couldn’t have caught
C. won’t catch
D. wouldn’t catch
3.—If he ______ , he ______ that food.
—Luckily he was nt to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take国外买家
B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken
D. would have been warned; had not taken
4. I didn’t e your sister at the meeting. If she _______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come
B. did come
C. came
D. had come 【答案与解析】
1．A．本题考查虚拟语气。因为从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故
从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。
2．B．本题考查虚拟条件句中主句谓语动词的使用。因为从句用了过去完成时，可知主句谓语动词用would / could have +过去分词形式。根据句意，可知选B。
3．B. 根据答语，可知本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。故从句谓语动词用过去完成时，而主句谓语动词用would have +过去分词形式。
4．D．根据句意“在会上我没有看到你的姐姐。如果她来的话，她就见到我哥哥了”可知，这是考查对过去事实的虚拟。主句用could have done，故从句谓语动词应该用过去完成时。
【重点归纳】
一、虚拟条件句的类别
学美发
虚拟条件句可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况；另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。其主句和从句的谓语动词构成如下：
1. 与现在事实相反
条件从句用过去时（be动词的过去式一律用were），主句用would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”。如：
If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party. 如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。
If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.
如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。
2. 与过去事实相反
条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”, 如：
If you had been there last night, nothing would have happen ed.
如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。
If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus. 如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。
3．与将来事实相反
条件从句用过去时或者“were to + 动词原形”或者“should+ 动词原形”，主句用“would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”, 如：
If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wo uldn’t have an exam.
如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。
If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would e Pro fessor Smith.
如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put of f until next Friday.
如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。
【特别提示】
在虚拟条件句中，谓语动词按照“后退一步法”使用，即：与现在事实相反，从句中用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句中用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句中用过去将来时。
二、虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装
如果if虚拟条件句中有were, had, 或者should等词时，可以省略if，把这些词放在主语前，形成倒装句。如：
汉石桥湿地If I should meet her (Should I meet her), I would tell her. 如果我遇见她的话，我就告诉她。
If I were in your position (Were I in your position), I wou ld do it better.
如果我在你的位置上，我会做得更好。
If they had made preparations (Had they made preparations), they would have succeeded.
如果他们做了准备的话，他们就已经成功了。
Grammar work语法专练
动词变形
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
掠过造句1. —? If the factory ___________ (belong) to me, I _______ ____ (not ll) it.
—But it isn’t yours.
2. — If you ___________ (keep) the cret, nobody ________
___ (know) it.
—I’m sorry for making such a mistake.
3. If the weather were to be (be) fine tomorrow, I ______ (go) for an outing with my parents.
4. ___________ (be) I you, I would think about this problem once again.
5. ___________ (have) I had time last night, I ___________ (go) to e this wonderful film.
完成句子
个人的swot分析
根据中文提示完成下列各句。
1. 如果你年轻五岁，你该怎么办？
What ___________ you ___________, if you ___________ five y ears younger?
2. 如果你开车更小心一点，就不会出这样的事故。
If you ______________________ your car more carefully, such
a traffic accident _________________________________.
3. 如果明天下雾，我就不能开车去购物。
丝袜奶茶
If it ___________ foggy tomorrow, I ______________________ my car to go shopping.
4. 如果明天天气转晴，我们就去野餐。
If it ______________________ clear up tomorrow, we ________ ______________ for a picnic.
5. 如果我是一个男孩，我当然会去参军。
If I ___________ a boy, I ___________ certainly join the ar my.
6. 如果你是我兄弟，你也会一样对我。
If you ___________ my brother, you ___________ treat me in the same way.
墨萱图其一7. 如果我有你这样的姐姐会非常幸福的。
I ___________ ___________ very happy, if I ___________ an e lder sister like you.
8. 如果我捡到了那只钱包，一定交给失主了。
If I ______________________ up the wallet, I ______________ ___________________ it to its owner.
9. 万一明天下大雪，一切都将被改变。
If it ___________ snow heavily tomorrow, everything _______ ____ be changed.
10. 如果你那天没有抽烟，火灾就不会发生。
If you ______________________ that day, the fire __________ _______________________ out.
Grammar quiz语法小测
测一测
选择最佳答案。
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
广东的省会是哪个城市
A. might have given
B. might give
C. should give
D. may give
2. What would have happened ________ as far as the river ba nk?
