2015年12月大学英语六级阅读真题&答案
As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge o? Plus, we live in a culture that 36 to the late –nighter, from 24-hourgrocery store to ? shopping site that never clo. It’s no surpri, then, that more than half of American adults get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as 37 by sleep experts.
Whether or not we can catch up on sleep – on the weekend, say- is a hotly 38 among sleep rearchers. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn’t 39 , it might ? when Liu, the UCLA sleep rearcher and professor of medicine, brought 40 sleep-rest people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they lagged about 10 hours per night. ? showed 41 in the ability of insulin(胰岛素) to process blood sugar. That suggests ? up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep 42 caus, which is encouraging ? given how many adults don’t get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn’t 43 to end the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.
Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 44 an effective remedy either. “A sleeping pill
will 45 one area of the brain, but there’s never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, becau you couldn’t really replicate （复制）the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts ? the brain to go through the different stages of sleep,” says Dr. Nancy Collop, director of the Em? University Sleep Center.
A) alternatively I) negotiated
B) caters J) pierce
C) chronically K) presumption
D) debated L) ready
E) deprivation M) recommended少阳派>工地工人
F) ideal N) surpass
G) improvements O) target
H) necessarily
答案：BMDFO GELHJ
Climate change may be real, but it’s still not easy being green
How do we convince our inner caveman to be greener?We ask some outstanding social scientists.
A)The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behaviour. We get distracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promi not to fly after hearing about a neighbor’s rip to India. Ultimately, we can’t be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioral economics may be able to do that for us.
皮皮虾怎么煮B)Despite mournful polar bears and carts showing carbon emissions soaring, mot people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Rearch Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regar
冬天手冷ded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.
C)This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness. “When we can’t actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defen mechanisms,” says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organization World Wide Fund for Nature.
D)Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. “We worry most about now becau if we don’t survive for the next minute, we’re not going to be around in ten years’ time,” says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Rearch on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks—and benefits—associated with issues that lie some way ahead.
满江红故事E)Matthew Rushworth, of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of 新年好教案
水浒传精彩情节Oxford, es this in his lab every day. “One of the ways in which all agents em to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future,” he says. “This is a very nsible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years.”
F)Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat pod by climate change, it could well be too late. And if we’re not going to make national decisions about the future, others may have to help us to do so.
G)Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions—such as saving more in our pension plans—by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make u of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would be too lazy to challenge them.
H)Defaults are certainly part of the solution. But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态). ”We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change,” says Professor Neil Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Rearch in Norwich. ”It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is en as desirable in society.” In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to e what the rest of the tribe are up to.
I)The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in—and measuring us against—our peer group. “Social norms are primitive and elemental,” says Dr. Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. “Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd together … just perceiving norms is enough to cau people to adjust their behavior in the direction of the crowd.”执照查询
