What is logistics Management? 什么是物流管理
1.The Definition of logistics物流管理的定义
After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the t ransfer of goodsfrom the supplier(ller)to the customer(buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipme nt (logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistic s association should be in place.
小水滴旅行记教案完成商业交易后物流将以最有效的成本方式以最有效的成本方式实行从供应商（卖方）到客户（买方）货物转运。这就是物流的定义。在转运过程中，像物流设施和设备（物流运输工具）之类的硬件是必要的，也需要信息控制和标准化管理。另外，来自政府和物流协会的支持应该到位。
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Three major functions of logistics.物流的三个主要功能
(1) Creating time value: same goods can be valued different at diff erent times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is p rofessionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.
创造时间价值：同样的货物在不同的时间有不同的价值。货物常常在转运过程中处于滞留状态，用专业术语来说这被叫做物流储存。它创造货物的时间价值。
(2) Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at
different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.
创造场所价值：同样的货物在不同的场所可被不同地定值。转运过程中被累加的价值就是物流的场所价值。
(3) Distribution processing V alue: sometimes logistics create distributio n processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “cutting into smaller parts”is the most commonly en distribution processing form. Most processing wi thin logistics create added value for
goods.
经销过程价值：有时物流创造经销过程价值，这一经销过程改变货物的长度、厚度和包装。正像流行说法，“分割成更小块”是最常见的经销加工形式。物流的大部分过程创造货物的附加值。
Logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional s tage to a modern one. The
main differences between the two stages include：物流是一项新的商业领域，从传统阶段到现代阶段发展而来。
这两个阶段间的主要不同点包括：
(1) Modern logistics adopts containerization techniques. The goods tran sfer process starts with packaging, followed by transportation, storage and distribution. The whole process is operated under logistics standar ds. Bad on the logistics ba module of 600×400mm, form the lo gistics module of 1,200×1,000mm, and enlarge to the size of
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---the size of high×wide of the container. It can be adjusted to the standard sizes of containers for trains, trucks and ships.
现代物流采用集装箱运输技术。货物运输过程从包装开始，接着是运输、储存及经销。整个过程在物流标准下进行．基于物流600×400MM的基础模数，形成1,200×1,000mm的物流模数，并放大到2,591
×2,438mm的尺寸—即集装箱高乘宽的尺寸。它也能被调整到适于铁运、汽运和船运的集装箱标准尺寸。
Information technologies are most important for modern logistics. Bar Code, POS, EDI and GPS systemsdramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. Internet further assists the market development, operations and management of the logistic in dustry.
信心息技术对现代物流来说极其重要。条码，销售点，电子数据交换和全球定位系统极大地提高了五六活动的效率和精确性。互联网更进一步促进了物流行业的市场开发、市场操作和管理。
2. Activities Included in Logistics Management物流管理的内部活动(1) Customer rvice. Customer rvice is defined “a customer-oriented philosophy that integrates and manages all customer interface within t he lowest possible costs to achieve optimum results.”Customer rvic es bind all logistics activities. Whether a customer receives the right product under all the right conditions will affect all other operations.
客户服务。客户服务被定义为：以客户至上为宗旨，以最可能低的成本整合、管理所有客户管理的交界面以取得最佳效果．客户服务将所有的物流活动连接在一起．客户是否能在适当的情景收到合适的产品将影响到其他操作活动。
Order processing. “Order processing can be compared to the human body’s central nerve system, triggering the distribution process and dir ecting the actions to be taken in satisfying order demand”.Order pr ocessing activity may be broken down into three categories. Firstly, o perating elements, such as order entry/editing, scheduling, order-shippin g t preparation, and invoicing. Secondly, communication elements, su ch as ordermodification, order status inquiries, tracing and expediting, er ror correction, and producinformation requests; and lastly, credit and colle ction elements, including credit checking and accounts receivable proce ssing/collecting.
订单处理。订单处理可以比作人的躯体的中枢神经系统激发分销过程并指导各种活动得以进行，以满意订货要求。订单处理活动可以被分解成三个种类。第一，操作部分，诸如订单录入与校定，生产计划运输方式的准备工作以及货物托运清单。第二，沟通部分，诸如订单修订，订货状况查询，跟踪，催促，错误修正以及产品信息寻求等。最后，信贷与托收部分，包括信贷核查和有效账户的处理和托收。
Custom rvices plays an important part in the speed and accuracy of the order processing. Advanced systems can reduce the time betw een order placement and shipment. Orders are often done through co
mputer systems. Advanced systems, although initially expensive to the
company, can substantially improve accuracy and efficiency. Often, sav ing in other logistics expens(such as inventory, transportation and w arehousing) or incread sales from improved customer rvice will ju stify the cost of the system.
客户服务在订单处理的速度与精确性方面扮演一个重要角色。先进的系统能够减少订单下达与发货之间的时间。订单常常通过计算即系统来完成。先进的计算机系统虽然起初对公司来说很昂贵，但它能大大地提高业务的准确性和效率。通常，别的物流开支（库存，运输和仓储）的节约，或来自客户服务提升了的销售的增长，将证明这一系统提升了的成本是非常值得的。伯父
(3) Communication in logistics. Success in today’s business environm ent requires the management of a complex communications system. E ffective communication should exist between:
物流沟通要取得当今商务环境的成功，就需要复杂沟通体系的管理。有效的沟通应该存在于下面各项之间：
(a) the company, it’s customers and suppliers; 公司及其客户和供应商；
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(b) major operations of the company such as marketing, manufacturin g, logistics, and finance/accounting 公司的主要运作，比如：市场，生产，物流，财务/会计；
(c) logistics-related activities such as customer rvice, traffic and tran sportation, warehousing and storage, order processing, and inventory control; 与物流相关的活动，比如：客户服务，交通运输，仓储与保管，订
