中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
原文 ：
Manipulator
Robot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment. Industrial rob ot is an important branch of industrial robots. It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and mac hines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability. The accuracy of robot operat ions and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national econom y and there are broad prospects for development. With the development of industrial automation, t here has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labo r productivity. However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining process material, usua lly still u manual or traditional relay-controlled mi-automatic device. The former time-consum ing and labor intensive, inefficient; the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fa ult more maintenance problems an
d other issues. Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency. Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydrau lic technology, automatic control technology, nsor technology and computer technology and oth er fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology.
First, an overview of industrial manipulator
Robot is a kind of positioning control can be automated and can be re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple degrees of freedom can be ud to carry an object i
n order to complete the work in different environments. Low wages in China, plastic products ind ustry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand u has become increasingly popular. Elect
ronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very e
arly in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production. But now the changes are tho found in industrial-intensive South China, East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing
plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, beca u they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work-relate d injuries fee challenges.
With the rapid development of China's industrial production, especially the reform and opening
up after the rapid increa in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering,
关门打狗是成语吗transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and as电脑连接手机热点怎么连
mbly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention. Robot is to imitate the ma
nual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture
, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.
In real life, you will find this a problem. In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading ti
me is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometime
s man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured. Think about what could rep lac
e it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hour s saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it.
那年我五岁
Production of mechanical hand can increa the automation level of production and labor produ
ctivity; can reduce labor intensity, ensuring product quality, to achieve safe production; particularl y in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gas such as poor environment can replace the normal working people. Here I would l ike to think of designing a robot to be ud in actual production.
Why would a robot designed to provide a pneumatic power: pneumatic robot refers to the comp
resd air as power source-driven robot. With pressure-driven and other energy-driven comparison have the following advantages: 1. Air inexhaustible, ud later discharged into the atmosphere, do es not require recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment. (Concept of environmental p rotection) 2. Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small (typically less than asphalt gas pa th pressure drop of one-thousandth), to facilitate long-distance transport. 3. Compresd air of the working pressure is low (usually 4 to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the mate rial components and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. 4. With the hydraulic t ra
nsmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic outstanding. 5. The air cleaner media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. But ther
e are also places where it fly in the ointment: 1. As the compressibility o
f air, resultin
g in poor aer odynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velo
city and not easily controlled. 2. As the u of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not
be too large; in order to increa the output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic system size incread.
With pneumatic drive and compare with other energy sources drive has the following advantage
s:
Air inexhaustible, ud later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do
not pollute the environment. Accidental or a small amount of leakage would not be a rious impa
ct on production. Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-d
istance transport.
The lower working pressure of compresd air, pneumatic components and therefore the materi
al and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered. In general, reciprocating thrust in 1 t
o 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.
Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster action and reaction, which is one of thvivo系统升级
e outstanding merits o
f pneumatic.
Clean air medium, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline. It can be safely ud in fl ammable, explosive and the dust big occasions. Also easy to realize automatic overload protection. Second, the composition, mechanical hand
Robot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more complicated, but the
basic form is the same as the composition of the , Usually by the implementing agencies, transmis sion systems, control systems and auxiliary devices compod.
1. Implementing agencies
Manipulator executing agency by the hands, wrists, arms, pillars. Hands are crawling institution
s, is ud to clamp and relea the workpiece, and similar to human fingers, to complete the staffin
g of similar actions. Wrist and fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up and down , left, and rotary movement. A simple mechanical hand can not wrist. Pillars ud to support the ar m can also be made mobile as needed.
2. Transmission
The actuator to be achieved by the transmission system. Sub-transmission system commonly us
ed manipulator mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic and electric power tra
nsmission and other drive veral forms.
3. Control System
Manipulator control system's main role is to control the robot according to certain procedures, d
irection, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not t up a dedicated co ntrol system, using only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic
drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the requirements of action. Actio
至尊无名n will have to u complex programmable robot controller, the micro-computer control. Three, mechanical hand classification and characteristics
Robots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery does not re
quire manual hand. It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device. It can be progra
mmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions. It is character
ized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence tern
ary machinery. The cond category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft. I
吉兰泰龙
t originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of machines to complete a pa
rticular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines suc
h as the Moon. Ud in industrial manipulator also fall into this category. The third category is ded
icated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lines, to solve the
machine up and down the workpiece material and delivery. This mechanical hand in foreign count
ries known as the "Mechanical Hand", which is the host of rvices, from the host-driven; excepti
on of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed, and therefore special.
Main features:
First, mechanical hand (the upper and lower material robot, asmbly robot, handling robot, stac
king robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane, labor-saving spreader, p
neumatic balancer, etc.).
Second, cantilever cranes (cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, e tc.)
Third, rail-type transport system (hanging rail, light rail, single girder cranes, double-beam cran
e)
Four, industrial machinery, application of hand
Manipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process developed a new ty
pe of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive u of robot蓝色康乃馨
development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology
, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the com
bination of mechanization and automation.
Although the robot is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work an
d labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, th
e power snatch weight characteristics when
compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of great importance to many
ctors, and increasingly has been applied widely, for example:
(1) Machining the workpiece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, combinat ion machine tool u is more common.
(2) In the asmbly operations are widely ud in the electronics industry, it can be ud to as
mble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry It can be ud to asmble parts and compo nents.
(3) The working conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working e nvironment to replace human labor.
(4) May be in dangerous situations, such as military goods handling, dangerous goods and haza rdous materials removal and so on..
(5) Univer and ocean development.
(6), military engineering and biomedical rearch and testing.
约塞米蒂Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, ma nual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, time-saving tec hnology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of non-standard d esign of ries products. Customer application needs, creating customized cas. Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be a fixed program draws ﹑ handling objects o r perform houhold tools to accomplish certain specific actions. Application of robot can replace t he people engaged in monotonous ﹑ repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and aut omation of production, instead of people in hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiments, the first u of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe roo
m to manipulate various operations and experimentation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to industrial production ctor, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unl oading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine
tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and processing center applications, the completio
n of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according t
o fixed procedures for the replacement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports instit utions. Agencies with the u of hands and operation of objects of different occasions, often there are clamping ﹑ support and adsorption type of care. Movement organs are generally hydraulic pn eumatic ﹑ ﹑ electrical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable ﹑ rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom. Robots are widely ud in me tallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy ctors.
Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixd procedure for the capture, handling
