Hirudin
1. Introduction
Hirudin (hirudin) is a Leech (Leech) and salivary glands have been extracted from a variety of active ingredients in the activity of the most significant and most studied ingredients, which is 65-66 amino acids from the small molecules of protein (peptide) . Hirudin have strong inhibitory effect on thrombin is the strongest so far found in the natural specific inhibitor of thrombin. Animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that hirudin can be effective anticoagulant, antithrombotic, and prevent thrombin-catalyzed activation of coagulation factors and platelet reactions and blood stasis phenomenon further. In addition, it also inhibited thrombin-induced fibroblast proliferation, and thrombin stimulation of endothelial cells. Compared with heparin, which not only u less, do not cau bleeding, is not dependent on endogenous cofactor; and heparin have caud the risk of bleeding, disminated intravascular coagulation in the pathogenesis of antithrombin III are reduced This will limit the efficacy of heparin, using leeches will have good results.
2. Application
Hirudin is a class of promising drugs anticoagulant stasis, it can be ud for treatment of various throm
botic dias, particularly venous thrombosis and disminated intravascular coagulation therapy; also be ud after surgery to prevent arterial thrombosis, prevention solution thrombosis or thrombosis after revascularization; improve blood circulation and blood dialysis in vitro procedure. In micro-surgery becau of anastomotic thrombosis often caud by failure ofred摄像机
hirudin can be ud to promote wound healing. The study also showed that hirudin in cancer therapy can also play a role. It can prevent metastasis of tumor cells, has proved effective in tumors such as fibrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and vascular sarcoma, melanoma and leukemia. Hirudin also with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, as the promotion of tumor blood flow incread efficacy.
Animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that intravenous or subcutaneous hirudin had no apparent side effects, whether acute and subacute toxicity tests, blood pressure, heart rate, blood relative, bleeding time and blood chemical constituents were not affected, and no respiratory effects, no allergic reaction, the general non-specific antibodies was found. Semi-lethal do LD50> 50mgAg, much greater than the do ud in the treatment (1mgAg). Especially noteworthy is that hirudin can be administered orally, which bring great convenience to the medication. Hirudin stable, trypsin and chymotrypsin did not destroy its activity, and some of hirudin fragment still inhibited hydrolysis condensate
Blood enzymes, which could explain why the oral medicine effects of leech extract the principle remains.
血栓形成名词解释In recent years in China as the main ingredient to hirudin, there are many kinds of proprietary Chine medicines, such as cerebral blood oral liquid, tablets thrombosis, blood capsule, with its annual output value of tens of millions. New drugs with leeches are constantly studied and introduced. Genetic engineering of recombinant leech-like peptide drugs to replace or hirudin as anticoagulant drug additives stasis, which can be achieved in the near future. As the injection for the treatment of cardiovascular dias and cancer drugs, the need for further clinical rearch. Needless to say, recombinant hirudin-like peptide drug development will bring huge social and economic benefits.
3. Hirudin
纳智捷是哪个国家的
As an important value for development of hirudin, and the source of leeches is limited, the focus of both domestic and international pharmaceutical industry through genetic engineering, the recombinant hirudin. After 1986, recombinant
hirudin in E. coli and enzyme expression of the mother, respectively, successfully, in comparison with
the natural hirudin, recombinant hirudin in the first 63 amino acids (tyrosine) is not sulfuric acid cain, active slightly lower, and the remaining the same nature. In the treatment of non-toxic do of intravenous injection side effects. Are some big foreign biotechnology companies have access to
教育理念有哪些
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a wide range of hirudin clinical rearch. The hirudin-like peptide of the patent, published annually by the amount of at least a dozen more, including hirudin similar peptides in dozens of rearch papers each year over the total. The end of 1998 recombinant hirudin drugs listed in Germany in 1999, the United Kingdom licensing, countries have registered the United States, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa I0 countries.
We genetically engineered recombinant hirudin made a lot of systematic rearch, has a solid technical foundation. We are from the domestic culture of medical leech hirudin was cloned cDNA was quenced, and synthesized the E. coli preferred codons hirudin gene was constructed cretory E. coli expression vector, the optimal expression condition, were highly expresd, the product of direct cretion to run things, greatly simplifying the downstream project. We bad the characteristics of hirudin was designed for mass production of low-cost paration and purification of
new technology, no high performance liquid chromatography or reverd pha chromatography, only purified by three steps, namely, the products were electrophoretically pure. We prent the expression of hirudin, the purity and rate reached international advanced level.
4. Technology prospects
Cardiovascular dias and cancer are major public health problem of two kinds of dias, dia prevention and control of drugs in the two categories is the focus of new drug development. Leech in expelling blood, stasis, pass through, such as the effect of Xiaopi China for thousands of years Chine medicine has been proven by practice, recombinant hirudin anticoagulation Suppository and the tumor with chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the clinical role for foreign demonstrated . Injection injection are higher, and currently ud in clinical anti-deep vein thrombosis. As oral agents can be achieved in the short term economic and social benefits. The recombinant hirudin-like peptide drugs to replace leech or as the addition of proprietary components, is estimated at 100 million yuan at least get the economic benefits. With the expansion of clinical trials, it can be ud for more prevention and treatment of dias, the development of a bright future
The Unique killer for heart and braindia.
The Natural biological products hirudin peptide protein tablets, for hypertension, arteriosclerosis, high blood cholesterol, high blood viscosity, high blood sugar, stroke (cerebral thrombosis), coronary heart dia, fatty liver, diabetes, varico veins, obesity, prostate dia, kidney dia, backache leg pain, etc. with blood circulation disorders of the dia have significant effects, taking 50 minutes later, "a drop of blood monitor" or microscopic obrvation, red blood cell aggregation (like candied fruit as cloly linked to) the phenomenon of elimination, carrying oxygen and transporting carbon dioxide greatly incread the capacity; taking more than 20 days after the body such as the excessive lipid index may return to normal, so that patients get rid of "high blood pressure, high cholesterol, high blood viscosity, high blood sugar, high urine sugar," "five high" threats, fast effective than ever before in any other type of drugs.
The effect of hirudin peptide protein tablets
√ regulate blood fat √ eliminate fatty liver √ Prevention of Stroke √ activate the body's own thrombolytic function, to avoid a return of blood clots √ dissolve blood clots directly √ elimination of atherosclerosis
落地之前√ control of diabetes and complications
Scientific rearch shows that: This is extracted from the leech acid peptide within the protein ---- hirudin, is found in the world so far the strongest known natural material and anti-thrombin substance, which has strong anticoagulant, dissolved suppositories and other lipid-lowering effect, ud to treat a variety of clinical thrombotic dia, elimination of blood vesl blockage, so that depolymerization of blood cells, thrombus dissipation, for exudate absorption and capillary blood re-pass, thus improving the microcirculation. Is the control of
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human cardiovascular dia effects natural medicine, and clinical u of domestic current hospital anticoagulant, anti-thrombosis drug, compared with full curity, full absorption rate, absorption speed and the effect is good.
Leeches for medical treatment, at home and abroad have a long history, beginning in mind in our country, "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing", future generations of medical monographs, such as Li Shi Zhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" and all modern version of "Chine Pharmacopoeia" are recorded.
Modern medical rearch shows that the body contains a variety of medicinal leech components, su
ch as hirudin, heparin, anti-thrombotic factors, among which leech salivary gland cretion of hirudin is an acidic polypeptide, is the most powerful known natural thrombin inhibitors, very small amount of hirudin can inhibit the activity of thrombin in the blood, and has reduced the role of blood viscosity; In addition, hirudin also with the expansion of blood vesls, easing blood vesl smooth muscle spasm and promote the function of absorbing exudate, vein graft can remain open after surgery.
U of hirudin treat cardiovascular, thrombosis, rheumatism, hypertension, myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, abdominal pain, amenorrhea, postpartum lochia endless, liver, lymphatic system, angina, eye dia, unknown tumor and cervical lymph node of nuclear and other dias.
In addition, hirudin is also rich in protein and amino acids, ud to develop a variety of health food, in the elderly and prevention of high blood lipids, hypertension, liver dia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dia and cerebral thrombosis, etc. have remarkable results. Preparation of antifreeze can cream, skin cream, hair growth cream or other creams and other beauty make-up on Blood Products
Treatment of liver cirrhosis with Leech
Leech in the treatment of digestive dias is widely ud, there are consumers for stasis syndrome and liver cirrhosis, but also the spleen and stomach function and help to improve transport of the spleen. Liu Si had ud the leech to treat of hepatitis with jaundice, Chine Medicine of the patients,if who is stasis and effective, and to treat the stasis with yellow should first choo the leech.
Liver cirrhosis is one of the illness of digestive dias. In the TCM way to treat the dia, from the point to remove the stasis. Wang Si to t thierlf the Sonsumer Pill (Leech 75 grams ,Zhe Chong, pao Shanjia each 100 grams, 50 grams of rhubarb) mainly treated 40 cas of patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients each time consumers Pill 5 grams, daily dos of 2 to 3 times, taking a cour of 2 months and, bad on ultrasound to check liver function and recovery of the liver. As a result, the group of 40 patients, 11 patients with symptoms disappeared completely retracting the liver to normal liver function has returned to normal. Were followed up for three years, no recurrence; 13 patients with symptoms, liver retraction to normal, normal liver function, to basic recovery. 12 patients improved, and only 4 cas with chronic nephritis and thrombocytopenia in patients with no significant improvement
Knowledge of the hirudin
国税系统
Hirudin content in the leech's body little, but the magic and only a few micrograms of the blood will not be solidified.
Hirudin, also known as "polypeptide protein", in the role of human health care is increasing. Hirudin in clinical practice can ea the spasm arteries, reduce blood clotting, dilate blood vesls, increa blood circulation, promote exudate absorption capabilities. Therefore has been widely ud for high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high blood viscosity, high blood lipids, high cholesterol and myocardial infarction difficult by the dia. Hirudin is also widely ud in biochemistry. In addition, the leech body contains a variety of medicinal ingredients, caud the elimination of postoperative complications, to prevent premature coagulation of blood has an important role.
Hirudin (peptide protein) is a small protein, becau small molecules into the blood soon after taking the drug, not only effective, role very quickly, very
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patient with vere cardiovascular adaptation.
The benefits of farming leech
去角质的好处1. Direct benefits:
The current market price of the dry leech 400 RMB / kg, while the average yield of
dry leech is 50KG (bad on the experience in a culture), like this:400X50 =20,000 RMB / mu(667M2) / year.
2. Indirect benefits:
Has been the main raw material of leech new drug for cardiovascular
dia,suchas"Tong Xin Luo Capsule", "brain new capsule," "pul blood capsules" and "Shuxuetong injection" and more than 30 enterpris from the national development and to be listed and a huge indirect benefits, with the extraction and u of hirudin, more effectively enhance the value of medicinal leeches.
3. Social benefits:
Leech breeding technology promotion will be effective in easing the global compact formula becau the problem of wild resources to meet the needs of the rapid development of Chine medicine industry. At the same time adjusting the
agricultural structure in some areas, the protection of wild resources and maintain ecological balance. Especially as a special breeding industry the local economy, improve the income of local farmers is of great significance. On the other hand, drugs can effectively treat and cure time early cardiovascular dia patients, the protection rate of the population and longer life, but also a social.
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