第五课
关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话
温斯顿•邱吉尔
________________________________________
二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。这就使原先意料中的
事变成了无可怀疑的事实。事变成了无可怀疑的事实。我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，采取何种政策。采取何种政策。我也完
全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。于是，于是，我吩咐
有关部门立即发表通告，有关部门立即发表通告，我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。不一会儿，不一会儿，匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪
尔将军走进我的卧室，尔将军走进我的卧室，为我带来了详细情报。为我带来了详细情报。德国人已大规模入侵苏联，德国人已大规模入侵苏联，苏联空军部队有很苏联空军部队有很
大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地
面部护理向前推进。这位皇家军队总参谋长报告完毕后又补了一句，
“我估计他们将会大批地被包围。” 一整天我都在写讲稿，一整天我都在写讲稿，根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商，根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商，根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商，也没有必要这样做。也没有必要这样做。也没有必要这样做。我知道我我知道我
们大家在这个问题上的立场是完全一致的。艾登先生、比弗布鲁克勋爵，还有斯塔福德•克
里普斯爵士——他是十号离开莫斯科回国的——那天也同我在一起。
那个周末值班的是我的私人秘书科维尔先生。由他执笔记述的下面这段关于那个星期天
里切克尔斯首相官邸发生的情况的文字，也许值得一提：
“六月二十一日，星期六。晚饭前我来到切克尔斯首相官邸。怀南特夫妇、艾登夫妇和
爱德华•布里奇斯等几位均在那儿。晚饭席上，邱吉尔先生说，德国人人侵苏联已是必然无
疑的了。他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。不过，不过，希
特勒的如意算盘打错了。我们英国将会全力以赴援助苏联。维南特表示美国也会采取同样的
态度。
晚饭后，当我同邱吉尔先生在槌球场上散步时，他又一次谈到了这一话题。我当时问他，
对于他这个头号反共大将来说，这种态度是否意味着改变自己的政治立场。…绝非如此。我
现在的目标只有一个，即消灭希特勒。这使我的生活单纯多了。假使希特勒入侵地狱，现在的目标只有一个，即消灭希特勒。这使我的生活单纯多了。假使希特勒入侵地狱，我至我至
少会在下议院替魔鬼说几句好话的。‟
次日清晨四点钟，次日清晨四点钟，我被电话铃惊醒，我被电话铃惊醒，我被电话铃惊醒，原来是外交部来的电话，原来是外交部来的电话，原来是外交部来的电话，内容是报告德国已开始进内容是报告德国已开始进
攻俄国的消息。攻俄国的消息。首相一向吩咐，首相一向吩咐，首相一向吩咐，只有当英国遭到入侵时才可以叫醒他。只有当英国遭到入侵时才可以叫醒他。只有当英国遭到入侵时才可以叫醒他。因此，我等到八点钟因此，我等到八点钟
才向他报告这一消息。他听完消息后只说了一句话：…通知英国广播电台，我今晚九点要发
表广播讲话。‟他从上午十一点开始撰写讲稿，中间除与斯塔福德．克里普斯爵士、克兰伯
恩勋爵和比弗布鲁克勋爵共进午餐外，这一天的全部时间都花在写讲稿上了……讲稿直到九
点差二十分才写好。”
道路改建
在这次广播讲话中，我说道：
“纳粹政体与共产主义的最糟糕之处毫无两样。除了贪欲和种族统治外，它没有任何指
导思想和行动准则。它在残酷压迫和疯狂侵略过程中所犯下的滔天罪行在人类历史上可谓空前绝后。在过去的二十五年中，在过去的二十五年中，我比任何人都更坚定而始终如一地反对共产主义。我比任何人都更坚定而始终如一地反对共产主义。我比任何人都更坚定而始终如一地反对共产主义。过去对共过去对共
产主义所作的批评我仍然一句也不想收回。但现在展现在我们面前的景象已经将那一切冲得
烟消云散了。过去的一切，连同它的种种罪恶、蠢行和悲剧全都从眼前乍然消失。烟消云散了。过去的一切，连同它的种种罪恶、蠢行和悲剧全都从眼前乍然消失。此刻我眼此刻我眼
前看到的是俄国的士兵昂然挺立于自己的国土，英勇地捍卫着他们祖祖辈辈自古以来一直辛
勤耕耘着的土地。我看到他们正在守卫着自己的家园，在那里母亲和妻子正在向上帝祈祷
——是啊，任何人都总有祈祷的时候——祈求上帝保佑她们的亲人的平安，并保佑她们的壮
劳力、她们的勇士和保护者凯旋归来。她们的勇士和保护者凯旋归来。我看见成千上万的俄国村庄，我看见成千上万的俄国村庄，我看见成千上万的俄国村庄，那儿的人们虽然要靠在那儿的人们虽然要靠在
土地上辛勤耕作才能勉强维持生计，土地上辛勤耕作才能勉强维持生计，却依然能够享受到天伦之乐，却依然能够享受到天伦之乐，却依然能够享受到天伦之乐，那儿的姑娘在欢笑，那儿的姑娘在欢笑，那儿的姑娘在欢笑，儿童儿童
在嬉戏。我看到这一切正面临着凶暴的袭击，正杀气腾腾地扑向他们的是纳粹的战争机器同它的那些
全副武装、刀剑当当有声、刀剑当当有声、皮靴咚咚作响的普鲁士军官以及它的那些奸诈无比、皮靴咚咚作响的普鲁士军官以及它的那些奸诈无比、皮靴咚咚作响的普鲁士军官以及它的那些奸诈无比、刚刚
刚帮它征服并奴役了十多个国家的帮凶爪牙。刚帮它征服并奴役了十多个国家的帮凶爪牙。我还看到那些呆头呆脑、我还看到那些呆头呆脑、我还看到那些呆头呆脑、训练有素、训练有素、既驯服听
话又凶残野蛮的德国士兵像一群蝗虫般地向前蠕动着。我看见天空中那些屡遭英军痛击、余
悸未消的德国轰炸机和战斗机此时正庆幸终于找到他们以为是无力反抗、可手到即擒的猎
物。物。 “在这些刀光剑影、腥风血雨的场面背后，我看到一小撮恶棍在那里策划、组织，
并犯下了这惨绝人寰的滔天罪行……
“我不得不在此宣布大英帝国政府的决定——我相信大英帝国各自治领对这一决定会适
时地表示一致赞同——因为我们必须立即表明自己的态度，一天也不应拖延。我必须发表正
式宣言，难道还会有人不清楚我们将会采取何种政策吗?我们只有一个目标，一个唯一的、
吃什么通便效果最好最快
不可改变的目标——我们决心消灭希特勒及纳粹政权的一切痕迹。无论什么都不能使我们离开这一目标。我们决不妥协，我们绝不与希特勒及其帮凶谈判议和。我们绝不与希特勒及其帮凶谈判议和。我们将对他实施地面打我们将对他实施地面打
击，我们将对他实施海上打击，击，我们将对他实施海上打击，我们将对他实施空中打击，直到在主的帮助下，将他的魔影我们将对他实施空中打击，直到在主的帮助下，将他的魔影
从地球上消除，将纳粹统治下的人民从他所设的枷锁中解放出来。任何坚持同纳粹集团作战
的个人和国家都将得到我们的援助，任何与希特勒同流合污的个人和国家都是我们的敌
人……这就是我们的政策，这就是我们的政策，这就是我们的宣言。这就是我们的宣言。因此，我们将竭尽全力援助俄国政府和俄国
人民。我们还将呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟国与我们同心协力，坚定不移地战斗到底……
“这绝不是一场阶级战争，而是一场大英帝国和英联邦共同参加的、不分种族、宗教信
仰或政党派别的全民战争。至于美国方面的行动，仰或政党派别的全民战争。至于美国方面的行动，我无权代作宣言，但我要声明一点：我无权代作宣言，但我要声明一点：我无权代作宣言，但我要声明一点：如果如果
希特勒认为他对苏维埃俄国的进攻会使那些决心埋葬他的伟大的民主国家稍稍转移目标或
松懈斗志的话，松懈斗志的话，那他就大错特错了。那他就大错特错了。那他就大错特错了。恰恰相反，我们将会更加坚强、更加勇敢地为将人类从恰恰相反，我们将会更加坚强、更加勇敢地为将人类从
他的暴政下解救出来而奋斗，我们将加强而不是削弱自己的决心和力量。他的暴政下解救出来而奋斗，我们将加强而不是削弱自己的决心和力量。
“那些让自己遭到各个击破的国家和政府，当初若是采取联合一致的行动，本来是可以
使自己和全世界免遭这场劫难的。现在当然不是对他们的愚蠢行为发表评论的时候。但在几
分钟前，当我谈到希特勒受其嗜血成性、当我谈到希特勒受其嗜血成性、邪恶贪婪的驱使或，邪恶贪婪的驱使或，邪恶贪婪的驱使或，贸然发动了这次对俄国的贸然发动了这次对俄国的
侵略冒险时，我还说过在他的疯狂行为的背后隐藏着一个深谋远虑的动机。他之所以想摧毁
俄国，乃是因为他期望着一旦这一行动顺利得手，他便可以将其陆、空军主力从东线调回，
投入对英伦三岛的进攻。投入对英伦三岛的进攻。他清楚地知道，他清楚地知道，他清楚地知道，他必须征服英国，否则，他必须征服英国，否则，他必须征服英国，否则，他将因其犯下的种种罪行他将因其犯下的种种罪行
焦灼是什么意思而受到惩罚。入侵俄国的行动只不过是他蓄谋已久的对英伦三岛的入侵行动的序幕而已。入侵俄国的行动只不过是他蓄谋已久的对英伦三岛的入侵行动的序幕而已。毫毫
无疑问，他期望这一切能在冬季到来之前全部完成，期望在美国的海空军来不及插手干预之
前即能征服大不列颠。他期望能以空前的规模再度重演他长期以来赖以发迹的将敌手各个击
破的故伎，然后便可以腾出场地来演出最后的一幕——将整个西半球置于他的控制和统治之
下。他知道，如果做不到这一点，他的全部战果都将化为泡影。下。他知道，如果做不到这一点，他的全部战果都将化为泡影。
“由此可知，俄国现在所面临的危险就是我们自己的危险，同样也是美国的危险；俄国
人民保家卫国的事业就是全世界一切自由的人民和自由的民族的事业。让我们从过去的残酷
的历史经验中汲取教训吧。让我们趁着生命未息、力量尚存之时，加倍努力，团结奋斗吧。”
习题全解习题全解
职能部门I .
1)Germany attacked Russia on an enormous front by air on Sunday, June 22.
2)He was not surprid at the news, becau he had thought that the Germans would attack the Soviet Union.
3)Becau he had only one purpo, the destruction of Hitler, who he thought was the worst in the world.
4) The policy that Churchill declared Britain would pursue was to destroy Hitler and wipe off every single trace of the Nazi regime.
5)According to Churchill, Hitler's invasion of Russia rved as the first step for his invasion of Britain, thus controlling of the Western Hemisphere.
Ⅱ .
1)Hitler 1)Hitler was
was was hoping hoping hoping that that that if if if he he he attacked attacked attacked Russia, Russia, Russia, he he he would would would win win win in in in Britain Britain Britain and and and the the the U.S. U.S. U.S. the the support of tho who were enemies of Communism. 2)Winant said the United States would adopt the same attitude.
3)In this way, my life is made much easier in this ca, it will be much easier for me to decide on my attitude towards events.
只争朝夕前一句
4)I will not take back a single word of what I have said about Communism.
5) I can e the German bombers and fighters in the sky, who, after suffering vere loss in the aerial battle of England, now feel happy becau they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.
6) We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller u of our resources.
7)Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.
Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.
IV IV. .
1 1 ) ) ) anti-Communist anti-Communist 反共产主义的（人）； antichrist 反对基督（教）的（人） Here
"anti-"means "anti-"means "against", "against", "against", "hostile "hostile "hostile to", to", to", "oppod "oppod "oppod to". to". to". Other Other Other examples, examples, examples, anti-Japane, anti-Japane, anti-Japane, anticolonial, anticolonial,
anti-party, anti-imperialist, anti-fascist, anti-apartheid, antidraft, antislavery, anti-Smith.
2) 2) antibacterial antibacterial 抗细菌的，抗菌物；抗细菌的，抗菌物； antifreeze 防冻剂防冻剂 In In the
the the two two two cas, cas, cas, "anti-"means "anti-"means "preventing', "curing', "neutralizing" or "reducing". Other examples : antiknock, antitoxin,
anti-pollution, anti-malarial, antifriction, anti-icer.
3)antiaircraft 防空的防空的 anti-ballistic anti-ballistic missile missile 反弹道导弹反弹道导弹 Here Here "anti-"has
"anti-"has "anti-"has the the the meaning meaning meaning of of "counteracting", "counteracting", "operating "operating "operating against against against "or "or "or "resisting". "resisting". "resisting". Other Other Other examples: examples: examples: antitank, antitank, antitank, antipercution, antipercution,
antitrust, antigas, antisubmarine, antidote, antimagnetic.
4 4 )antithesis )antithesis （修辞学中的）对句，对话，偶句；（修辞学中的）对句，对话，偶句； antihero （小说，戏剧中）不按传统
性主角品格塑造的主角性主角品格塑造的主角 Here Here "anti-"means
"anti-"means "anti-"means "opposite", "opposite", "opposite", "rever". "rever". "rever". Other Other Other examples examples examples : : : antimatter, antimatter, antipole, antiparticle, antineutron, antiphrasis, antipode, antinovel.
V .
1)He was almost at the end of his powers when…
2)-"his reputation is uncertain.
3)He completely ignored…
4)People who are in a vulnerable position should not attack others.
5)This may teach the young man not to take foolish risks.
6)"'brought him great success.
7)The pupils took the teacher as their example. 8)...an enormous pile of letters.
Ⅵ.
1)Whether 1)Whether for
for for him, him, him, the the the arch arch arch anti-Communist, anti-Communist, anti-Communist, this this this was was was riot riot riot bowing bowing bowing down down down in in in the the the Hou Hou Hou of of Rimmon :whether he was not renouncing his p
revious attitude towards Communism; whether he was not changing his position since he had all along been oppod to Communism.
2)I suppo they will be rounded up in hordes: I think the Red armymen will be surrounded and captured in surprisingly large numbers.
3)The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination: Here "appetite" is ud metaphorically, meaning strong German desire for conquest.
4)Still 4)Still smarting
smarting smarting from from from many many many a a a British British British whipping: whipping: whipping: Here Here Here "whipping" "whipping" "whipping" is is is ud ud ud metaphorically, metaphorically, meaning counterattack.
5)rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his y** both "shadow" and "yoke" are ud metaphorically, the former meaning the very strong power or influence (of Hitler) and the latter meaning control.
Ⅶ.
1)as cool as cucumber 2)fact and fantasy
3)He came back sound and safe.
4)She sang a song.
5) 5) Next
Next Next to to to health, health, health, heart heart heart and and and home, home, home, happiness happiness happiness for for for mobile mobile mobile Americans Americans Americans depends depends depends upon upon upon the the automobile.
Ⅷ.
Parallel structure :
1)We will never parley
We will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang
2)We shall fight him by land
We shall fight him by a
We shall fight him in the air
3)behind all this glare
behind all this storm I e'"
4)1 e the Russian soldiers standing'"
I e them
I e the ten thousand
I e advancing
I e also the dull…
如何强制卸载软件I e the German bombers…
I e that small group…
5)that is our policy
and that is our declaration
6)We shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts.
We shall be strengthened and not weakened in determination and resources.
7)Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience.
Let us redouble our exertions…
怎么写欠条Repetition : 1)We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpo.
2)He has so long thrived and prospered.
3)We will never parley, we will never
IX.
the Nazi war machine, a swarm of crawling locusts, small group of villainous men, his shadow, his yoke, his tyranny, Hitler's blood-lust and the hateful appetites
X.
1)preparing, 1)preparing, writing
writing writing down down 2)very 2)very fast fast fast and and and violently violently 3)obtaining, 3)obtaining, getting getting 4)returned it it 6)frontiers 7)ancient 7)ancient time time 8)evil 9)agree 10)hold 10)hold talks talks talks with with with our our
enemy ll)religious belief; faith 12)sadly, deplorably 13) great and sudden disaster
XI.
1)This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area.
2)He was counting on their support.
3)I don't remember his exact words, but I'm sure he did say something to that effect.
4)Churchill said, "Tell Stalin that Britain has but one desire --to crush Hitler.
5)Only 9% of the population in that country remains illiterate.
6)This leaves them no choice but to rely on his efforts.
7)The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.
8)They overwhelmed the enemy by a surpri attack.
9)Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory.
10)It 10)It is
is is clear clear clear that that that German German German fascists fascists fascists were were were trying trying trying to to to put put put the the the people people people in in in that that that region region region under under under their their domination.
XII.
1)turn into 3)turn 4)turned to 5) turned…into 6 ) turning… to 7 )
turn … on 8) turned down 9 ) turned out 10)turned out 11)turn up
XIII.(6) (1) (4) (7) (3) (2) (5)
XIV XIV. Omitted. . Omitted.
XV .
The The Nazi
Nazi Nazi regime regime regime is is is the the the most most most wicked wicked wicked in in in the the the world. world. world. Now, Now, Now, it it it is is is invading invading invading U. U. U. S. S. S. S. S. S. R. R. R. , , , and and and the the Russian soldiers are doing their best to safeguard their country. This is a crucial point. I have to declare the policy we should follow. Our policy is to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. Therefore, we must make every effort to fight together with tho who fight Hitler and his supporters. We must unite all our friends and allies in every part of the world to fight Hitler. Hitler's invasion of Russia is merely a prelude to an invasion of Great Britain, which will lead to his total control over the Western Hemisphere. The Russian danger is therefore our d
anger, and the danger of the United States. If we don't unite, we'll be struck down one by one. Let us make a joint effort to fight the Nazi German.
