CMMI OVERVIEW TRAINING
CMMI 培训-详解
1、CMMI是什么东西？
CMMI英文全称是Capability Maturity Model Integration，直译就是能力成熟度模型集成，直接看这几个汉字，你还是没有办法搞清楚CMMI是什么东西的。
大家可能在网上看过很多《成功人士的七个习惯》（可能还有很多类似的名字）的文章吧？有人总结了成功人士取得成功的原因，总结出他们的习惯，如果我们也能具备这些习惯，那么我们也很可能成为成功人士。类似的，CMMI可以看作是成功企业如何做好软件的一些习惯、做法、准则等的集合，如何做好软件产品的最佳实践集合。如果普通企业能够按照CMMI的要求做，那么企业就很可能成为成功的企业。
CMMI里面所有的要求，都是来自于成功企业的最佳实践，它的先进性我们不必怀疑，如果我们没有做好，那不是CMMI本身的问题，而是我们自己没有理解好或者是没有执行好的原因。
税务所CMMI目前最新版本是V2.0，如果你是现在才开始了解CMMI的，那么你完全没有必要去搞清楚V1.3和V2.0的差别，更加没有必要去比较CMM与CMMI的差别，直接了解CMMI V2.0就可以了，你只需要知道
CMM是CMMI的前身，而CMMI V1.3虽然比CMM要新很多，但现在已经不用了。现在在互联网上还有很多比较CMM与CMMI的文章的，除非你想了解或者你有很多时间，建议不必去看这些内容。
1 What is CMMI?
For 25+ years, high-performing organizations have achieved clear, sustainable business results with ISACA®’s CMMI® maturity models. Originally created for the U.S. Department of Defen to asss the qualit y and capability of their software contractors, ISACA’s CMMI models have expanded beyond software engineering to help organizations around the world, in any industry, understand their current level of capability and performance and offer a guide to optimize business results.
Our integrated CMMI product suite provides best practices that enable organizations to improve performance of their key capabilities, providing a clear roadmap for building, improving, and benchmarking capability.
2、连续式 vs 阶段式
CMMI有两种表述方式：连续式与阶段式，两种方式只是从不同的角度来阐述CMMI，其实质上表达的内容是一致的。就好像我们做数据库设计的时候，可能会设计不同的视图来查看相同数据表的数据，只是角度不一样。
大家可能会问，好好的CMMI，为什么要搞两种表达方式呢？不怕把大家搞糊涂吗？
确实这两种方式把不少人给搞糊涂了，这是SEI的一个败笔。以前的CMM是只有阶段式的表达方式的，连续式是后来提出来的，SEI内部分成两派，一派支持连续式，一派支持阶段式，互不相让，最后达不成一致，就出来了现在这个样子，连续式与阶段式两者共存。
连续式其实更加能反应过程改进的本质，并且能更好地引导企业把过程改进落实到位，但连续式比较难以理解。阶段式是直接继承CMM的，大家都比较容易理解，而且阶段式有一个级别，在商业上更好宣传，但很容易导致企业为了过级而过级。
连续式和阶段式同时也是评估的两个不同角度，用连续式评估，企业会得到很多个PA 的Level，用阶段式评估，企业会得到一个整体的Level。
对CMMI还不是很熟的人士，先了解这么多就可以了，以后再慢慢了解。
蓝的abb词语
2. The CMMI Appraisal Method
头发用英语怎么说
为什么过年要放鞭炮The CMMI Appraisal Method is the official ISACA defined appraisal method ud to evaluate an organization’s process to provide ratings related to organizational capability and performance.
The CMMI appraisal method provides a t of process and activities for conducting appraisals relative to the CMMI model.
The CMMI Product Suite has been explicitly designed to be accessible and flexible to a broad variety of markets, organizations, and types of work. It facilitates faster, easier, and more successful adoption to address:
∙Performance improvements
∙Industry specific needs
∙Organization or project size
∙Market drivers
∙Trends (e.g., business, industry)
∙New or changing technologies
Method Objectives and Characteristics
The CMMI appraisal method is ud to identify process implementation strengths and weakness as well as process persistence and habit. The method is also ud to link demonstrated business performance relative to the model adoption. It incorporates best practices and is bad on the features of veral legacy appraisal methods.
A common, integrated appraisal method.
The new appraisal method is capable of supporting appraisals in a variety of contexts:
∙Benchmarking
神庙对联大全七字∙Internal performance and process improvement
∙Process monitoring
∙Supplier lection
∙Risk reduction
An efficient appraisal method.
The new appraisal method is capable of being implemented within reasonable performance constraints.
Accurate results.
The new appraisal method is capable of delivering accurate and consistent results bad on appraisal objectives.
A focus on process implementation.
The new appraisal method emphasizes and ensures a collaborative, yet confidential approach to identifying performance challenges and gaps, by focusing on the process implementation versus personnel asssment.
3、CMMI 1至5级简述
这里我们用比较容易理解的阶段式的角度，来描述一下CMMI的级别。
在模型中，所有软件组织的软件能力成熟度划分为5个等级——第1到第5级。数字越大，成熟度越高，高成熟度等级代表比较强的综合软件能力。
5个成熟度等级分别是：
第1级：初始级
第2级：受管理级
第3级：已定义级
第4级：定量管理级
第5级：持续优化级
第1级是不需要评估的，哪怕你们是手工作坊开发的软件公司，也可以说是CMMI1级。从2级开始到5级，SEI在每个级别都有详细的标准。
那怎样才算达到某个级别呢？
要通过高级别的评估，要满足这个级别以下所有级别的标准。
学骑自行车例如：
一个进行4级评估的企业，评估的时候首先是看是否达到2级要求，然后是3级要求，然后才是4级要求。
评估的时候，如果2级的标准达到，但3级的要求达不到，就算4级的要求达到了，也只能算2级。
每个级别又代表怎样的意思呢？下表简要地说明了1到5级的差异：
2级比较容易做到，要做到3级要做的事情多很多，一般来说建议2、3级一起来做。3级到4级跨度很大，要做到4级非常不容易。如果4级做得比较好，要做到5级难度不算很大。以下是各级难度的示意图：
3. CMMI Levels of Capability and Performance
卫生保健工作计划The maturity level or capability level of an organization provides a way to characterize its capability and performance. Experience has shown that organizations do their best when they focus their process improvement efforts on a prioritized and manageable number of practice areas at a time.
A Culture of Continuous Improvement
Your process improvement goals should always be bad on your business objectives. Experience has shown that organizations benefit from achieving a level only when the focus of improvement is on business and performance results and shared objectives. When the focus is on achieving business objectives and improved performance, the performance results occur naturally and typically endure.黄豆浆的做法
Capability Levels
Capability levels apply to an organization’s performance and process improvement achievements in individual practice areas. Within practice areas, the practices are organized into practice groups labeled Level 0 to Level 5 which provide an
