蔡邕书法美学思想的理论价值
氢气在空气中燃烧的现象傅合远
活动标题
东汉时期的蔡邕，不仅是位著名的学者、文学家、音乐家，也是位有影响的书法家和重要的书法理论家。传其所作的书论文章，有《笔赋》、《篆势》、《笔论》、《九势》等多篇。这些书论文献，或许在文字及内容上，有经后人润饰、改造，甚或增删的嫌疑，但结合当时书法艺术发展的历史进程和书法审美的时代风尚来看，这些书论的基本思想和观点出于蔡邕，应是可能和可信的。正是在这种认识的前提下，本文拟对传为蔡邕所作书论中的美学思想加以系统的研究，以揭示和把握其理论价值以及在推动与深化书法艺术审美自觉历史进程中的重要作用和意义。
一、“书者，散也”
蔡邕在《笔论》中指出:“书者，散也。欲书，先散怀抱，任情性，然后书之。若迫于事，虽中山兔毫，不能佳也。夫书，先静坐默想，随意所适，言不出口，气不盈息，沉密神采，如对至尊，则无不善矣。”， 这段话文字不长，但内涵丰富。他深刻而系统地揭示了书法艺术
表现的基本性质以及艺术创作的心态等问题，在书法美学思想发展史上具有极为重要的理论价值。
米酒做法东汉，在中国历史上是个战乱频仍、民不聊生的时代，也是最具民族文化特色的书法艺术繁荣发展的重要时期。这一时期，由于汉简、隶书的不断改进与完善，不仅以其书写的简易，使用价值的突出，取budget quota of railway engineering. (3) according to the current technical management railway regulation (2007.04.01), the fundamental standard of railway bridge and culvert design (TB10002.1-2005), the specification for design of reinforced concrete and prestresd concrete structures of railway bridge and culvert (TB10002.3-2005), the code for design of railway bridge and culvert Foundation and Foundation (TB10002.5-2005), the road engineering technical standards (JTGB01-2003) and other specifications. (4) railways and the Beijing railway issued of about file: railway business line construction and curity management provides (iron do [2008]190,), and Beijing railway business line construction and the curity management implementation rules (Beijing iron Division [2008]435,), and Beijing railway Beijing railway road outside engineering management approach ([2010]441,), and Beijing railway top into type frame
空间背景图片work overpass design, and construction veral provides (Beijing iron Division [1993]491,). (5) the investigation follows information site, status as well as the construction of railway existing obstacles in the region. ? along roads, housing, power and water. ? construction sites within the existing trees, vegetable and crop in greenhou and. (6) the construction technology of our company, management and construction experience of similar projects in the past. 1.2. preparation of prepared in line with the principle of national and Department, the relevant norms and regulations, follows the best construction programme and reasonable production
全国财经大学排名
代了秦篆，成为一种居主流地位的文字，实现了汉字由繁而简、由古而今的变革，更因其隶书文字笔画造型所蕴藏的丰富的艺术价值，促成了书体的进一步分化，产生了章草、今草以及楷、行等书体，使书法艺术的表现、抒情特质获得了前所未有的显现，从而直接引发并造就了一个规模宏大的书法热潮。不仅出现了张芝“池水尽墨”、“衣阜先书而后练”、“转精其巧”成一代草圣的美谈，也有师宜官甚矜其能，“或不持钱诣酒家饮，因书其壁，顾观者以酬酒直，计钱足而灭之”的雅事。特别是赵壹在《非草书》中对世人学书情景的描述，更令人感动不已:“夫杜、崔、张子，皆有超俗绝世之才，博学余暇，后世慕焉。
专用为务，钻坚仰高，忘其疲劳，夕惕不息，仄不暇食，十日一笔，月数丸墨。领袖如皂，唇齿常黑。虽处众座，不逞谈戏，展指画地，以草判壁，臂穿皮刮，指爪摧折，见腮出血，犹不休辍”。 如此规模和狂热的书法实践，不仅大大提高了东汉时期的书法艺术水平，也促进了士人对书法艺术理论认识的自觉。如果说崔缓的《草书势》是从艺术欣赏的角度，歌颂了草书:“观其法象，俯仰有仪，方不中矩，圆不副规，抑左扬右，望之若歌;辣企鸟踌，志在飞移，狡兽暴骇，将驰未奔。或黜点染，状似连珠，绝而不离，蓄怒佛郁，放逸生奇”，变化莫测、动人心魄的审美意趣。赵壹的《非草书》是从儒家注重社会功利的立场出发，在批评草书的“上非天象所垂，下非河洛所吐，中非圣人所造”，“乡邑不以此较能，朝庭不以此科吏，博士不以此讲试，四科不以此求备，征聘不问此意，考绩不课此字。善既不达于政，而拙亦无损于治”，缺乏实用价值的同时，反证了草书
tation rules (Beijing iron Division [2008]435,), and Beijing railway Beijing railway road outside engineering management apprmanagement provides (iron do [2008]190,), and Beijing railway business line construction and the curity management implemenn and curity 2003) and other specifications. (4) railways and the Beijing railway issued of about file: railway business line constructio-2005), the road engineering technical standar表格上下居中
岳巍ds (JTGB01-way bridge and culvert Foundation and Foundation (TB10002.52005), the code for design of rail-(TB10002.32005), the specification for design of reinforced concrete and prestresd concrete structures of railway bridge and culvert -2007.04.01), the fundamental standard of railway bridge and culvert design (TB10002.1budget quota of railway engineering. (3) according to the current technical management railway regulation (follows the best construction programme and reasonable production past. 1.2. preparation of prepared in line with the principle of national and Department, the relevant norms and regulations, the greenhou and. (6) the construction technology of our company, management and construction experience of similar projects in construction sites within the existing trees, vegetable and crop in? along roads, housing, power and water. ?in the region. taclesision [1993]491,). (5) the investigation follows information site, status as well as the construction of railway existing obs[2010]441,), and Beijing railway top into type framework overpass design, and construction veral provides (Beijing iron Divoach (2
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