A
(2017·红桥区二模)
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly，believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity(繁荣)．Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad，thatittsonepersonagainstanother，andthatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirlf-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem，playingwellandwinningareoftenlive-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess，thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.
However，whilesomeemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed，otherstakeanoppositeattitude.In
aculturewhichonlyvaluesthewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers，theystronglycriticizecompetition.Among仲裁的特点themostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheyoungpeople，Ioftenobrveinthemadesiretofail.Theyemtoekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying，theyalwayshaveanexcu：“Imayhavelost，butitdoesn’tmatterbecauIreallydidn’ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemlvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost，thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly，thisbeliefisthesameasthatoftruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemlves.Botharebadonthemistakenbeliefthatone’slf-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodisappearcanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.
语篇解读 本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。文章讨论的是人们对于竞争的不同态度。有的人非常重视竞争，认为它有益于社会的进步；有的人认为竞争对人的发展不利。 |
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1．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
A．Competitionhelpstotuplf-respect.
B．Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.
毕业生自我鉴定300字C．Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.
D．Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了人们对于竞争所持的不同态度。
2．Whydosomepeoplefavorcompetitionaccordingtothepassage?
剧情电影>underpinA．Itpushessocietyforward.
B．Itbuildsupanofduty.
C．Itimprovespersonalabilities.
D．Itencouragesindividualefforts.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由首段第二句可知答案。
3．Theunderlinedphra“themostvocal”inParagraph3means“”．
A树的故事．脚纹thowhotrytheirbesttowin
B．thowhovaluecompetitionmosthighly
C．thowhoareagainstcompetitionmoststrongly
D．thowhorelyonothersmostforsuccess
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。由第三段中“otherstakeanoppositeattitude郑州人事考试中心”及“theystronglycriticizecompetition”可知，画线短语指“强烈反对竞争的人”。
4．Whatisthesimilarbeliefofthetruecompetitorsandthowitha“desiretofail”？
A．One’sworthliesinhisperformancecomparedwithothers.
B．One’ssuccessincompetitionneedsgreatefforts.
C．One’sachievementisdeterminedbyhisparticularskills.
D．One’ssuccessisbadonhowhardhehastried.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由文章尾段倒数第三句“Botharebadonthemistakenbeliefthatone’slf-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.”可知答案。
5．Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?
A．Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.
B．Competitionshouldbeencouraged.
C．Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.
D．Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。尾段最后一句表明了作者的观点：只有当这种基本的、害怕失败的态度消失时，我们才能找到竞争的真正含义。即作者认为在竞争中，不要总担心失败。
B
(2017·河北区一模)
Goingshoppingemasy，butactuallyittakesalotoflearning，especiallyinAmerica.Infact，manyAmericanswhoarenotsowell-offoftenshopat“sales”oratspecialstoresthatllthingsatlowprices，whichyoumayfindinteresting.InAmerica，theimportantruleofdressingisthatoneshouldchangehisorherclotheveryday.Forexample，
儿童简单折纸inanAmericancollege，neitherprofessorsnorstudentsareeninthesameclothestwodaysinarow.SoyoumayfinditnecessarytobuymoreclothesthanyouhaveinChina.WhileyouareshoppingintheStates，youwilldiscoverthatpricesrangeconsiderablyfromtimetotime.Thepurchaofud，cond-handclothing，furniture，orotherhouholdarticlesmaybeanexcellentwayofsavingmoney.Mostcond-handclothesareofprettygoodquality.IfyouaregoingtottledownintheStatesandwantsomefurniture，youmaygotoa“loanclot”，wherefurniturerentsatlowcost，oryoumayalsogotoa“furnitureexchange”placeinthecommunity.
Sheets，blankets，andotherbedclothesgoonsaleinmostcommunitiestwiceayear.Advertimentsfor“whitesales”onbedlinen，towels，etc.oftenappearinJanuary，aswellasinMay，JuneorJuly.Onceortwiceeveryason，therewillbe“garagesales”，whereyoucangetalmostanything，fromayachttoapairofshoes，atlowprices.Pricesat“discountstores”and“thriftshops”arealsoaslowasyoucanimagine.
Whenshoppingforfood，youshouldlookforspecialpricesforvariousitemsthatareputonsaleweekly.Toeconomize，itwouldbeagoodideaforyoutoplantheweeklymenuaccordingtowhatisonsale，includinginitthemeats，vegetables，fruits，etc.thatcanbeboughtatspecialpricesthatweek.
Exchangeandreturnpoliciesvaryfromstoretostore.Youshouldalsokeepinmindthatexchangeandreturnpoliciesforsalesitemscanbedifferentfromstandardstorepolicies，especiallyifthepriceoftheitemshasbeenreduced.Askthemerchantabouttheirexchangeandreturnpoliciesbeforemakingyourpurcha.Obtaininganexchangeorareturnwithoutastorereceiptisoftendifficult.So，tosaveyourlftheheadache，you’dbetterholdontoanypaperorotherproofofpurcha.
语篇解读本文主要讲述在美国购物时，有时价格变化会很大，作者对此给出了一些建议。 |
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6．PeopleshoppinginAmericawilldiscover.
A．Americangoodsareexcellent
B．mostclothescomefromChina
C．pricesvarymuchsometimes
D．udclothesareofpoorquality
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第六句“While you are shopping in the States，you will discover that prices range considerably from time to time.”可知，当人们在美国购物时，会发现价格有时会变化很大。故选C。
7．Apersonwhoneedsfurniturecan.
A．exchangetheirgoodsforfurniture
B．ttleinaplacethathasfurniture
C．getsomefreeofcharge
D．rentsomeatlowcost
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“If you are going to ttle down in the States and want some furniture，you may go to a ‘loan clot’，where furniture rents at ”可知，如果你需要家具，可以去“loan clot”，在那里你可以低价租到家具。故选D。
8．Ata“whitesales”，onecanbuy.
A．almostanything
B．meats，vegetables，fruits
C．bedlinen，towels
D．shoesatlowprices
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Advertiments for ‘white sales’ on bed linen，towels，etc.often appear in January，as well as in May，June or July.”可知，“white sales”(大减价)常常出现在一月、五月、六月或七月，卖床单，毛巾等。故选C。
