(2021年整理)英语构词法讲解及专项练习

更新时间:2023-05-21 19:54:42 阅读: 评论:0

英语构词法讲解及专项练习
                   
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构词法 Word Formation
在英语中,词的构成方式主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。
一、合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。
方式:1. 直接写在一起.  2。 用连字符(—)连接。  3. 由两个分开的词构成.
(1) 合成形容词
方式
例词
1形容词+形容词
red-hot
2形容词+名词
first—class, full-time, part—time
3形容词+现在分词
good-looking, free-thinking,
4形容词+过去分词
ready—made
5形容词+名词-ed
good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded
6名词+名词—ed
iron—willed
7名词+形容词
world-famous, day-long
8名词+现在分词
beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting,
9名词+过去分词
man—made, water-covered,
10副词+形容词
ever—green
11副词+现在分词
比目鱼的营养价值
hard-working, far—eing
12副词+过去分词
well-prepared, quickly-cured, well—known
13数词+名词
five—year
14数词+名词+形容词
five—year-old
15数词+名词—ed
four-legged, six—storied
(2)合成动词
构成方式
例词
1名词+动词
day—dream
2副词+动词
overcome, upturn翻起
3形容词+动词
white-wash
(3)合成名词
构成方式
例词
1名词+名词
horback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone,
2形容词+名词
back-yard, forehead,
3动名词+名词吃蟹
hiding place, reading-room
4动词+副词
get-off, break in,
5副词+动词
output, overflow
(4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever
(5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, mylf, something, anything,
二、派生 Derivation
前缀
前缀
含义
例词
a-
处在……
ari, aside, alone
en—
使可能
enrich, enable, enslave
dis-
不,否定
dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree
un-
做相反动作
unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair,
unclo, undress, uncover, untie
in-
im—
ir—简单手工小制作
il-
不,非
inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect
impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical
irregular, irresponsible
illogical,
non-
不,非
non existent, non-interference, non—conductor, non-stop
de-
向相反方向发展
Decentralize(分散), defrost(解冻)
anti—
反(对)
anti-freeze, anti—fascist
mis-
错误的,坏的
misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune
re
重复,再
rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,
co—
共同
co—exist, co-operate, co—education
ex
以前的
Ex—husband, ex-president
tele
远程
telephone, telegraph, telescope
super-
在上面,超级
supermarket, superpower,
under—
……之下
underline, underestimate, underground,
inter-
相互,之间
international, interact, inter-change
sub—
下,次
subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent,
trans-
过,穿过,变
普洱茶保存方法
transformation(变形), translate
vice-
vice-premier, vice—president
mi—
mifinal, micircle, mi—automatic
bi
两个
bicycle, biennial两年一次的
tri
三个
triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎
mul-
多,多种
multiply, multi—national, multi—coloured
kilo-
kilometre, kilogram
后缀
军训感想100字
后 缀
牡丹亭原文例  词
—er
farmer, weaver, pain—killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater
—ess
actress, waitress, princess, hostess
—or
conductor, sailor, transistor, operator,
—ar
beggar
-e
Chine, Portugue, Japane
-ian
musician, Egyptian, physician
-ist
scientist, dentist, communist, socialist,
—ent/-ant
assistant
—ment
argument, judgment, government
—ness
happiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness
—tion
dictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention
-ing
building, wedding, painting
—ship
leadership, friendship, hardship
—age
shortage, marriage, leakage
—ty
数学魔术
loyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty
-th
truth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth
—ance
acceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance
定积分的应用—ence
dependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence
—ful
mouthful, handful, plateful,
—al
refusal, denial, arrival

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