构词法练习及其答案

更新时间:2023-05-21 19:25:06 阅读：评论：0

高考能力测试构词法Word Formation

一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。

少林寺在河南什么地方方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。

(1)合成adj

云治

方式	例词
1 adj＋adj	red-hot
2 adj＋n	first-class, full-time, part-time
3 adj＋现在分词	good-looking, free-thinking,
4 adj＋过去分词	ready-made
5 adj＋n-ed	good-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded
6 n＋n-ed	iron-willed
7 n＋adj	world-famous, day-long
8 n＋现在分词	beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting,
9 n＋过去分词	man-made, water-covered,
10adv＋adj	ever-green
11adv＋现在分词	hard-working, far-eing
12adv＋过去分词	well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known
羊肉粉丝汤的做法13 num＋ n	five-year
14 num＋n+adj	five-year-old
15num＋过去分词	four-legged, six-storied

(2)合成动词

构成方式	例词
1 n＋v	day-dream
2 adv＋v	overcome, upturn翻起
3 adj＋v	white-wash

(3)合成n

构成方式	例词
1 n＋n	horback , bank-note, newspaper, cellphone,
2 adj＋n	back-yard, forehead,
3动名词＋n 六项精进心得体会	hiding place, reading-room
4 v＋adv	get-off, break in,
5 adv＋v	output, overflow

(4)合成 adv however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever

(5)合成代词 whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, mylf, something, anything, （6）合成介词 inside在……里

	后缀	例词
形容词	-al	central, industrial, national, natural
	-an	European, American, Australian
	-ern	eastern, northern, southern
	-able	reasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, nsible
	-ful	careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,
	-ish	榴莲吃法childish, Swedish, lfish
	-ive	destructive, collective, active, creative, effective
	-y	thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny
	-less	careless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless
	-en	golden, wooden, woolen
	信贷风险管理 -ous	courageous, famous, continuous, rious, various
	-ary	imaginary, revolutionary, condary
	-ic	realistic, historic, poetic
	-some	troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome
	-like	childlike, womanlike, manlike
	-ant	ignorant, significant, obrvant, important
	-ent	diligent, silent, excellent, frequent
	-ly	lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly
	-ish	childish, foolish

二、派生 Derivation

前缀	含义	例词
a-	处在……	ari, aside, alone
en-	使可能	enrich, enable, enslave
dis-	不，否定	dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagree
un-	不，做相反动作	unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclo, undress, uncover, untie
in- im- ir- il-	不，非	inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impractical irregular, irresponsiblelol全称 illogical,
non-	不，非	non-existent,non-interference, non-conductor, non-stop
de-	向相反方向发展	decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）
anti-	反（对）	anti-freeze, anti-fascist
mis-	错误的，坏的	misdoings, misunderstand, misfortune
re	重复，再	rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,
co-	共同	co-exist, co-operate, co-education
ex	以前的	ex-husband, ex-president
tele	远程	telephone, telegraph, telescope
super-	在上面，超级	supermarket, superpower,
under-	在……之下	underline, underestimate, underground,
inter-	相互，之间	international, interact, inter-change
sub-	下，次	subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent,
trans-	过，穿过，变	transformation(变形), translate
vice-	副	vice-premier, vice-president

mi-	半	mifinal, micircle, mi-automatic
bi	两个	bicycle, biennial两年一次的
tri	三个	triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎
mul-	多，多种	multiply, multi-national, multi-coloured
kilo-	千	kilometre, kilogram

	后缀	例词
动词	-ize	realize, modernize, mechanize, criticize,
	-en	widen, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen
	-fy	Simplify, beautify, terrify,

	后缀	例词
副词	-ward(s)	forward, northward, backward, downward
副词	-ly	slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly

赫梯人三、转化 Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。

1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话, mirror镜子—像镜子一样反映, drink喝—饮料, record录音—记录, name, date, hand, study,

2. 形容词转化为动词 perfect完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的

4.形容词转化为名词 chief 主要的——首领

训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。

1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness

2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death

3.The child looked_______ at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad

4.He is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a ________. A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician

5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged

6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership

7.When the teacher praid him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_______about at his classmates.

A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely

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