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The Brain Changes as People Age
If you are over 20, look away now. Your cognitive performance is probably already on the wane. The speed with which people can (41) ______ information declines at a steady rate from as early as their 20s.
A common test of processing speed is the “digit symbol substitution test”, in which afive的音标 (42) ______ of symbols are paired with a t of numbers in a code. Participants are shown the code, given a row of (43) ______ and then asked to write down the corresponding number in the box below within a t period. There is nothing cognitively (44) ______ about the task; levels of education make no difference to performance. But age does. Speed consistently (45) ______ as people get older.
Why this should be is still a matter of hypothesis, but a range of tentative explanations has been (46) ______. One points the finger at myelin, a white, fatty substance that coats axon
s, the tendrils that carry (47) ______ from one neuron to another. Steady reductions in myelin as people age may be slowing down the connections. Another (48) ______, says Timothy Salthou, director of the Cognitive Ageing Laboratory at the University of Virginia, is depletion of a chemical called dopamine, receptor sites for which decline in number with (49) ______ age.
Fortunately, there is some good news to go with the bad. Psychologists (50) ______ between “fluid intelligence”, which is the ability to solve new problems, and “crystallized intelligence”, which (51) ______ equates to an individual’s stock of accumulated knowledge. The rerves of knowledge continue to increa with age: people’s performance on vocabulary and general-knowledge tests keeps (52) ______ into their 70s. And experience can often compensate for cognitive decline. In an old but (53) ______ study of typists ranging in age from 19 to 72, older workers typed just as fast as younger ones, even though their tapping speed was slower. They (54) ______ this by looking further ahead in the text, which allowed them to keep going more smoothly.
What does all this mean for a lifetime of (55) ______ learning? It is encouraging so long as people are learning new tricks in familiar fields. “If learning can be assimilated into an existing knowledge ba, advantage tilts to the old,” says Mr Salthou. But moving older workers into an entirely new area of knowledge is less likely to go well.(372)
41. | A.progress | B.process浏览器没声音 | C.property | D.posssion |
42. | A.range | B.reach | C.distance | D.control |
43. | A.contributions | B.subjects | C.symbols | D.performances |
44. | A.encouraging | B.pioneering | C.interesting | D.challenging |
45. | A.eliminates | B.declines | C.qualifies | D.promotes |
46. | A.put forward | B.turned out | C.dealt with | D.carried out |
47. | A.pictures | B.words | C.signals | D.benefits 礼仪知识大全 |
48. | A.suggestion | B.prospect | C.progress | D.possibility |
49. | A.advancing | B.simplifying美国多少年历史 | C.pervering | D.revising |
50. | A.confu | B.distinguish | C.depart | D.combine 和尚打伞 |
51. | A.carelessly | B.dependently | C.roughly | D.independently |
52. | A.dominating | B.attracting | C.approving | D.improving |
53. | A.instructive | B. vivid | C.objective | D.familiar |
54. | A.propod | B.achieved | C.positioned | D.recommended |
55. | A.immediate | B.accurate | 吉林大学研究生C.personal | D.continuous |
| | | | | 最新笔记本电脑排行榜前十名
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【自书遗嘱格式原文翻译】
The brain change as people age
随着年龄的增长，大脑发生变化
If you are over 20, look away now. Your cognitive performance is probably already on the wane. The speed with which people can process information declines at a steady rate from as early as their 20s.
如果你超过20岁了，现在就走开。你的认知能力可能已经在衰退了。人们处理信息的速度从20多岁开始就以稳定的速度下降。
A common test of processing speed is the “digit symbol substitution test”, in which a range of symbols are paired with a t of numbers in a code. Participants are shown the code, given a row of symbols and then asked to write down the corresponding number in the box below within a t period. There is nothing cognitively challenging about the task; levels of education make no difference to performance. But age does. Speed consistently declines as people get older.
处理速度的一个常见测试是“数字符号替换测试”，其中一系列符号与代码中的一组数字配对。参与者将看到代码，给出一行符号，然后要求在下面的框中在设定的时间段内写下相应的数字。这项任务没有任何认知上的挑战；教育水平对表现没有影响。但年龄确实如此。随着年龄的增长，速度不断下降。
