美国文学史名词解释
Romanticism
1. The American Romanticism covers the first half of the 19th century。
2. American Romanticism was both imitative and independent. Some of American romantic writing was modeled on English and European works. While it was in esnce the expression of “a real new experience” and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien。
世界大地震
3。 The American national experience of “pioneering” into the west proved to be a rich fund of material for American writers to draw upon。
4。 The “newness” of the Americans as a nation is another major element connected with American Romanticism. Their ideals of individualism and political equality, and their dream that America was to be a new Garden of Eden for man were distinctly American.
5。 In technique they loved traditional meters and stanza forms； in language their English was usually British.
6。 The major Romantic writers include Washington Irving, Emerson， Thoreau， Hawthorne, Melville, Whitman, Dickson, Poe， etc.
Transcendentalism
1。 from the 1830s to the Civil War， the 1840s its heyday
2. A branch of Romanticism
3。 It is a philosophical and literary movement, a powerful expression of the intellectual mood of the age。
4. major reprentatives: Emerson and Thoreau
5。 Main ideas: it exalted feeling (intuition) over reason， individual expression over the restraints of law and custom。 It appealed to tho who disdained the harsh God of their
Puritan ancestors.
Realism
A nineteenth—century European and American literary movement that sought to portray familiar characters, situations, and ttings in a realistic manner. This was done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail. The standard for success of any realistic work depends on how faithfully it transfers common experience into fictional forms.
Imagism
Pound’s idea about imagist poetry can be listed as following four points: 1。 To paint the thing as I e it. 2。 Beauty。 3。 Freedom from didacticism。 4。 It is only good manners if you repeat a few other men to at least do it better or more briefly。
交通综合服务管理平台Imagism was a poetic vogue that flourished in England, and even more vigorously in America， between the years 1912 and 1917. It was planned and exemplified by a group
of English and American writers in London. The major leader is Ezra Pound. Other leading participants were H. D (Hilda Doolittle）, D. H。 Lawrence, William Carlos Williams， etc. The Imagist proposals were for a poetry which, abandoning conventional poetic materials and versification， is free to choo any subject and to create its own rhythms, us common speech, and prents an image or vivid nsory description that is hard， clear and concentrated.
The typical Imagist poem is written in free ver and undertakes to render as precily and terly as possible, and without comment or generalization， the writer's impression of a visual object or scene; often the impression is rendered by means of metaphor, or by juxtaposing, without indicating a relation， the description of one object with that of a cond and diver object。
Imagism was too restrictive to endure long as a concerted movement， but it rved to inaugurate a distinctive feature of modernist poetry.
Literary Regionalisms
班务工作总结Regional and local color writings
The early stage of literary realism–– depicted contemporary life, ud the speech of the common people and avoided， in general， fantastic plotlines. Reflected the consciousness of regions and localities that still shapes literary creativity and criticism today。 百废俱兴
初夏微凉
A regional work relies on the cultural， social and historical ttings of a region.
A local color one is just as dependent upon a specific geographical location， but it gives more emphasis to the local details by tapping into the folklore, history， mannerism， custom, beliefs and speech. There was also a romantic flavor derived from Washington Irving and the frontier tradition of tall tales.
Naturalism
An extension or intensification of realism (from the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries）.
路由器哪个牌子好
The movement's major theorist, French novelist Emile Zola， envisioned a type of fiction that would examine human life with the objectivity of scientific inquiry。
开业大吉The Naturalists typically viewed human beings as either the products of ”biological determinism（生物决定论）,” ruled by hereditary instincts(遗传论） and engaged in an endless struggle for survival, or as the products of "socioeconomic determinism，” ruled by social and economic forces beyond their control。 qq收藏
