Section 1 English-Chine Translation 疯狂大鲨鱼( 50 points )
Translate the following passage into Chine.
This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation （卫生系统）the centerpiece of its flagship（高级、尖端） publication, the Human Development Report.
本月，联合国发展规划将水利和公共设施列为其高端出版物——人类发展报告的核心内容。
Claims of a "water apartheid（隔离制度）," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to （理应。。。）attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit（罪魁祸首，肇事者）. People in areas that are not rved by public utilities have to rely on costlier（昂贵的） ways of getting water, such as itinerant（巡回的，流动的） water trucks and treks（长途跋涉） to wells. Paradoxically（似是而非的，自相矛盾的）, as the water sources get costlier, the wat
er itlf tends to be more dangerous. Water 悲惨世界读后感piped樊江 by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.
在一些地方穷人比富人支付的水费要多，因此关于“水隔离制度”的主张应当引起关注。但是问题背后的经济如何？怎么解决这一问题？一些国家不能为人们提供纯净水，究其原因常常是缺乏基础设施。在不能依靠公共设施供水的地方，人们需要需要通过昂贵的方式来获取水资源，例如卡车循环运送水或者长途跋涉到水井取水。水资源越昂贵，水质似乎越劣质，这是自相矛盾的。由公共设施运送到千家万户的水（穷人和富人同等对待）常常比从户外蓄水池中得来的水要干净。
The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than （除了）the poor, he added.
Hakan Bjorkman是联合国泰国事务处的计划主管，他说，这一问题不仅仅存在于乡村地区，甚至是在大城市也是如此。此外，他补充道，当地水利机构提供的补助最终受益人是
除了穷人以外的人民群众。
The agency propos a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this rvice. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains.
看望病人买什么东西好
该事务处提出了一项三步走解决方案。第一步是使每天获得20升（或者5加仑）纯净水成为一项公民权利。第二步是促使地方政府义务提供这项服务。第三步是在人们和水路总线之间引进基础设施进行联接。
The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward the problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-bad approaches as well.
该项报告称，政府，尤其是在发展中国家，应当至少花费GDP 的1%用于水源和公共设施。
它同时强调，外国援助要更直接用于解决这些问题。很明显，这一方法主要依靠政府干预，Bjorkman很认同这一点。当然也存在一些基于市场的举措。
By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily incread access to clean water, according to the agency's report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, 小花期despite the agency's proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.
据事务处的报告，科特迪瓦的首都阿比让提供打了折扣的管道联系穷人和水路总线，其民间水利设施逐渐增加了纯净水供应。如果国家能利用供给纯净水的经济益处，甚至可能不再需要补助，尽管这是事务处的提议。
People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne dias(由水传播的疾病) - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to rai financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find recep
tive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.
获得纯净水的人们更不容易死于由水传播的疾病，因而更长寿、更富足，并且所纳税款有利于他们的国家，然而在发展中国家存在这样一个普遍的弊端。因此如果政府尽力提高资金引进新基础设施，那么它将在民间信贷市场获得良好声誉，前提是它能充分利用这一回报。同样的，私营企业可能会估算，如果当地居民乐意长期回报这一投资，将纯净水引入某一地区这一举措是很有价值的。
In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themlves. "People organize themlves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities," he said. "That's especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themlves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy to take the solutions and 急切replicate them in other co
untries, though. Asmbling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.
与此同时出现了一些地方性解决方案。Bjorkman一起塑造说，在泰国，一些小型协会正在应对通过自身力量获取水资源的挑战。他说：“人们自发组织起来，用他们仅有的少量水源来帮助社区。那种情况是农村地区的真实写照。他们投入自己的钱用于资金周转和节约方案，并且他们投身于改善他们的城镇。然而，实施这些方案并且在其他国家如法炮制并不总是那么容易。”首先应广泛收集各种不同的解决方案，以找到适应于特定地区或国家的正确方案。
