1.Communication technologies are far from equivalent. A recent study comparing honesty
across a range of different media revealed that people were twice likely to tell lies when using the phone than when communicating via e-mail. It had previously been assumed that people would be more inclined to fabricate the truth when using e-mail, due to the remoteness of the interaction making people more comfortable about deceiving others. On the contrary, it ems that anxiety over the accountability afforded by the recording of e-mail exchanges induces greater truthfulness. However, the rearch also noted that people are much more likely to be rude or insulting over e-mail, outweighing any benefits of incread honesty!
An implication of the study is that if telephone conversations are recorded and people are aware of this fact, they are likely to be more truthful over the phone. T
People are unconcerned about the repercussion of e-mail untruths. F
It had been assumed that people would communicate more honestly when using e-mail than when using the telephone. F
2.There is often considerable scientific disagreement both about available rerves of natural
resources and about the extent of environmental damage caud by particular pollutants.
Even where the scientific evidence is incontrovertible. There may be political conflict, bad on different vested interests, over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. Governments may, for example, refrain from introducing effective control if they fear the will adverly affect company profitability or jobs, even where the environmental cost of not introducing controls are considerable.
There is always scientific debate around the facts regarding the rerves of natural resources.
T
Very rarely is there conflict over the degree to which particular environmental controls should be accepted. F
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Parties with a vested interest are more influenced by politics than science when deciding whether to implement environmental controls.C
3.Whilst high visibility crime such as night-time drunken disturbance has incread, total
urban and rural crime, both reported and unreported, has fallen over the last two years, yet paradoxically people feel less safe, believing that the conver is the ca. This fall in crime has coincided with a drop in the number of police officer on the street. A citizen’s fear of crime ems not to be a matter of reality at all- the visibility of law enforcement officials has
a greater impact on their view of reality than hard facts.
Reducing the number of police officer has led to a reduction in crime. C
Crime statistics support popular belief about the level of crime. F
People feel safer when there are more police on the street. T
4.There is no task more difficult than that of ensuring the education of children in modern
society. Not only school, but also teachers and their roles have changed out of all recognition in the past few decades, thanks to the impact on teaching institutions by indoctrinating, and
indoctrinated, reformist intellectuals bearing revolutionary ideas. To the perpetual indiscipline of youth has now been added the indiscipline of parents, many of whom interpret any reports of wrongd
oing in school on the part of their offspring as a personal affront, or as the manifestation of the malice of teachers. As for the teachers themlves, whilst many are respectable and learned men and women, who view it as their vocation to induct their charges into a civilization and a way of behaving, others attempt to influence youth merely to further their political or ideological ends.
Some of tho working in education have their own hidden agendas. T
Teacher with revolutionary ideas will attempt to influence their pupils for their own political ends. T C
Some teachers who report children of wrongdoing do so becau of malice, rather than nay legitimate reason. C
5.Last week, the competition commission outlined two packages to regulate the sale of
extended product warranties, which provide repair/replacement for faulty goods beyond the manufacturer’s original guarantee. Whilst warranty sales are currently highly profitable, with some retailers attributing up to ¾ of their profits to this income stream, they are also criticized for offering poor value for money due to obscure claus, which restrict payment in many, but the most unlikely claim scenarios. The first package-to ban retailers lling a full warranty on the day of purcha was
condemned by all as draconian-whilst the other, rather milder, option of forcing retailers to provide full information on warranty exclusions and an obligatory 60–day “cool-off” period for customers, received a more balanced hearing.
Becau no one believes that the first option will ever be implemented, investors and analysts ha ve focud more cloly on the implication of the “milder” package. In a recent leaked rearch note, one analyst suggested that the implementation of the reform in the cond package would place a staff-training burden on the retailer, which would lead to a significant increa in the cost of warranty sales, and a predicted 20% fall in actual sales.
“Cool-off” periods are not currently offered by companies lling product warranties. T
It is likely that neither package will be implemented. C
女生适合什么职业Preventing retailers from lling warranties on the day of purcha of a product was felt to be too vere a restriction. T
6.All scientific knowledge is provisional. Everything that science knows, even the most
mundane facts and long-established theories, is subject to re-examination as new information comes
in. the latest data and ideas are scrutinized the most. Some recantations will be unavoidable, but this is not a weakness of science, but rather its strength. No endeavor rivals science in its incremental progress towards a more complete understanding of the obrvable univer.
Science improves understanding on the basis of leaving unchallenged tho theories that appear to work. F
Some facts in science cannot be challenged if any progress is to be made. F
That which is not obrvable cannot be part of the domain of science. C
7.The Statute on workplace safety requires that an employer should ensure, so far as is
reasonably practicable, the health, safety and welfare at work of all full and part time employees, and also tho not in direct employment who may be affected by acts or omissions at work. However, it is also the duty of employees to take reasonable care for their own health and safety and also that of other persons who may be affected by their acts or omissions at work, for example by complying with all notices on health and safety that are posted.
If a workplace visitor is hurt due to an act of negligence by an employee then the employee may be
held solely responsible. F
An employer has responsibility for the safety of visitors to his factory. T
Employees have negligible responsibility for workplace health and safety. F
8.Today’s historians aim to construct a record of human activities and to u this record to
achieve a more profound understanding of humanity. This conception of their task is quite recent, dating from the development from 18th and early 19th centuries of scientific history, and cultivated largely by professional historians who adopted the assumption that the study of natural, inevitable human activity. Before the late 18th century, history was taught in virtually no schools, and it did not attempt to provide an interpretation of human life as a whole. This is more appropriately the function of religion, of philosophy, or even perhaps of poetry.
That which constitutes the study of history has changed over time. C
Professional historians did not exist before 18th century. C
In the 17th century, history would not have been thought of as a way of understanding humanity. T
9.Whilst having similar effects on employees, there tend to be major difference between a
merger and an acquisition. In an acquisition, power is substantially assumed by the new parent company. Change is often swift and brutal as the acquirer impos its own control systems and financial restraints. Parties to a merger are likely to be evenly matched in terms of size, and the power and cultural dynamics of the combination are more ambiguous, integration is a more drawn out process.
During an acquisition, there is often more overt conflict and resistance and a n of powerlessness. In mergers, becau of the prolonged period between the initial announcement and full integration, uncertainty and anxiety continue for a much longer time as the organization remains in a state of limbo.
There tends to be a major power difference between parties in an acquisition. T
Mergers and acquisition tend to have distinctly different impacts on employees. F
Mergers yield a shorter period of anxiety and uncertainty amongst employees. F
10.Management is, in effect, the catalyst that is esntial for converting the resources and raw
material inputs of the operation into valued outputs and, in the process, ensuring that stakeholder needs are satisfied. Managers reprent the critical factor, which economists refer to as “enterpri”, without which the other factors (land, labor and capital) cannot function. Managers are effectively the custodians of the organization’s resource, responsible for deciding what the resources should be ud for, how best to u them, and to which customers the outputs should be targeted.
Stakeholder needs are best rved through the creation of valued outputs. C
Management has at least two major but different responsibilities. T
Managers must decide how best to handle all the resources at their disposal.T
11.There is no doubt that vegetarian food can be healthier than a traditional diet –indeed,
rearch has demonstrated that vegetarians are less likely to suffer from heart dia and obesity than tho who eat meat. One long-standing concern about a vegetarian lifestyle is the risk of failing to take in enough protein. However, historical calculations as to the amount of protein needed for a healthy lifestyle have recently been shown to overestimate the quantities needed, and if vegetarian lect their food carefully they should be able to meet their protein needs.
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A balanced diet is more likely to promote health than any particular food or food group in
isolation. C
Too much protein in the diet can lead to heart dia. C
爸爸妈妈对我说的寄语Over time the recommendations as to what constitutes a healthy balanced diet have changed.
C
12.Water, the most common liquid ud for cleaning, has a property called surface tension.
不自量力的意思Molecules in the body of the water are surrounded by other molecules, but at the surface a “tension” is created as molecules are only surrounded by other molecules on the waterside.
This tension inhibits the cleaning process, as it slows the wetting of surface due to tension causing the water to bead up. This is where water droplets hold their shape and do not spread. For effective cleaning to take place “surface tension” must be reduced so that water can spread. Surface-active agents, or surfactants, are chemicals, which are able to do this effectively.
Surface-active agents, or surfactants, are only ud for cleaning. C
Water is the only known liquid ud for cleaning. F
If surfactant chemicals are added to water when cleaning a surface, surface tension will occur.
F
意相The molecules on the waterside hinder the cleaning process. T键盘发送键是哪个
13.The biggest risk facing the world’s insurance companies is possibly the rapid change now
taking place within their own ranks. Sluggish growth in core markets and inten price competition, coupled with shifting patterns of customer demand and the rising cost of loss, are threatening to overwhelm tho too slow to react.
Insurance companies are experiencing a boom in their core markets. F
Insurance companies are competing to provide best prices to customers. T
Insurance companies are coping well with incread price competition and rising loss. F
14.Short-sightedness is to a large extent inherited, its incidence varies from one family to
another. The reason behind the link between the common incidence of short-sightedness and high intelligence is unclear. Previous generations thought that eyes could become strained by years spent poring over books, but a few decades ago the popular medical view was that short-sighted people gravitated towards the library becau they found it hard to excel at sports. Recently there has been partial support for a theory that high intelligence and short-sightedness may, in fact, be part of a genetic package.
The genetic link between intelligence and short-sightedness has recently been disproven. F People from all families stand at an equal chance of being short-sighted. F
Intelligence is to a large extent inherited. C
15.The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation is the afterglow from the Big Bang, and
weak as it may be today, the primeval microwaves hold valuable information about fundamental properties of the early univer. Slight differences, or anisotropies, in the brightness and polarization of the CMB reveal clues about the nature of the primeval plasma: that the discrepancies exist at all shows that the plasma was not perfectly uniform. The variations in the brightness en in the CMB reflect differences in the density of the primordial plasma, whereas the anisotropic polarization reveal
s information about the dynamics of the early univer, such as the movement of material and the number of gravitational waves. The CMB, however, is not the only source of polarized microwaves and the cosmological polarization must thus be measured at different wavelengths so as to isolate them from foreground signals.
The anisotropies of the CMB show solely that the primordial plasma was not uniform. F
The polarization of cosmic microwaves is measured at different wavelength so as to parate the foreground from the background signals. T
Through studying the cosmological microwaves, one may learn about the forces of gravity in the early univer. T
16.Internet experts are warning of a new multitude of extremely dangerous computer virus
that have recently been causing devastation and could potentially cripple entire global computer systems. The virus can replicate thousands of copies within hours and are capable of extirpating curity software that, in turn, enables hackers to appropriate control of the machines. Criminal gangs can then establish bank accounts using stolen identities, sabotage a company’s com
puter system and extort money for its restoration, and ll computers that have been interfered with on the black market. Computer urs are often advid to refrain from opening suspicious program attached to the emails and to continually update their curity software.
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