2021年考研《英语二》阅读答案及解析(文字版)
Part A
Text 1
21、[答案][A] practical ability
[解析]根据题干可知这是一道典型的例证题。根据题干关键词“a broken bike chain”定位到第二段第二句,向前找其论点句 “He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical。 由该句可知,在他(Mr。 Koziaek)任教的这个学校里,学习不是书本、测试和机械记忆这些事情,而是实践。所以举“a broken bike chain”的例子是说明学生们缺乏实践能力,选A选项 practical ability。
22、[答案][C] are not academically successful
[解析]根据题干可以定位到第四段,相关语句为“that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says。 其中,“can’t make it academically”就是对应答案C中的“are not academically successful”, 因此,正确答案为C 选项are not academically successful。
信也
23、[答案][B] ud to have more job opportunities
[解析]根据题干要求定位到第五段,解决本题的关键是对第三句话“The job curity that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated。”的理解,尤其需要注意本句的时态,定语从句“that the US economy once offered to high school graduates”是过去时态,表明“美国经济曾经为高中毕业生提供了工作保障”,而主句“The job curity has largely evaporated”却是现在完成时,意为“这种工作保障在很大程度上已经蒸发了”,说明曾经的工作机会现在已经不再拥有了,故而[B]选项是正确选项。
马卡通 24、[答案][D] indicates the overvaluing of higher education
[解析]根据题干关键词“headlong push”以及“bachelor’s degree”直接定位到文章第六段第一句话。根据第一句话“But the headlong push into bachelor’s degree for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—miss an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs”(大力推动学士学位—以及低估其他任何方面—使得人们忽略了非常重要的一点:这并不是美国经济所唯一需要的),可初步确定正确选项为D“indicates the overvaluing of higher education”(高估了高等教育)。另外,第二句先是认可了这种做法的好处:“Yes, a bachelor degree opens more doors”(学士学位为本科生打
开了更多扇门)。但是,第三行最后出现转折词But,说明后面内容一定是负面情感取向,是“bachelor degree”没能解决的问题,因此,D选项为正确答案。
25、[答案][A] supportive
[解析]本题考查作者的态度。一般最后一段凸显作者的态度, 第一句话“Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call。”说明“Koziatek学校为我们敲响了警钟”。第二句话“When education becomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts”表明“当教育适合所有人的时候,它同样也造成一种危险,即容易忽视国家的人才多元化。”同时我们也注意到第七段最后一句话说“… is to fill the gap。”(Koziatek学校正试图填补这一空白), 说明作者的态度是支持性的,即supportive。因此,A选项是正确答案。
Text 2
26、[答案][C] failing
[解析]词汇释义题。根据论点论据关系,二段最后一句话证明but之后的论点句。由第二段最后一句得知在过去8年中,solar panels (太阳电池板)和wind turbines (风轮机)成本分别下降了80%和约1/3,故可推知可再生能源的价格会下降,故C项failing正确。
27、[答案][A] is progressing notably
[解析]逻辑推理题。根据题干应该定位到三段第三句话。本段第三句说“其他国家在清洁能源发展方面保持领先(takes the lead),美国也看到了显著的变化”,also提示我们美国和其他国家的情况应该有相似之处。再结合后一句中的数据,可确定美国可再生能源的使用正稳步发展,A项正确。
28、[答案][A] wind is a widely ud energy source
[解析]逻辑推理题。由Iowa我们可快速定位至第四段。一般来讲,推理题优先考虑段落主旨,But转折之后应该为本段中心。尽管前两句提到Trump不看好风能,但but后面话锋一转,说到Iowa的很多人不赞成这种看法,并列举数据说明风能在Iowa的发展势头良好,故本题选A。
29、[答案][C] Its continuous supply is becoming a reality
[解析]双段推理题。根据提干关键词Paragraph 5&6定位到5、6段,双段推理题应该优先考虑双段主旨。第5段中心为关键信息词but之后的内容。文中a boost in the storage capacity of batteries keeps power flowing around the clock对应选项中的its continuous supply; is becoming a reality对应文中is making their ability to。。。。同样,第6段可以验证。6段中心为最后一句话Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this mas
sive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years, 也说明这件事在未来可能成为现实。
30、[答案][C] is not really encouraged by the US government
[解析]推理判断题。根据提干关键词the last paragraph定位到文中最后一段,最后一段关键信息词while(尽管)引导的内容为重点信息:“尽管还有很长的路要走,这种趋势势不可挡”,故可以排除D: is not competitive enough with regard to its cost。而根据第二句“have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change” 故排除B: will accelerate global environmental change。文章最后一句“what Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less at a time of a global shift in thought。” “无论华盛顿行动还是不行动越来越不重要了”,可以推测出美国政府的态度,因此选C。
Text 3
31、[答案][B] ur information
[解析]细节题。题干问:根据第一段,脸谱收购WhatsApp 应用的目的是为了什么,由此定位于文章第一段,本段第一句末说脸谱出巨资购买的应用是一种messaging rvice,就是信息服务,而紧接着本段最后一句话说明WhatsApp 应用提供的这种信息服务实际上是
我的老乡一种intricate and finely detailed web of its urs’ friendships and social lives,复杂的和极其详细的用户朋友圈和社交生活的方面的信息。答案B正是这句话的同义改写。
32、[答案][C] po a risk to Facebook urs
[解析]细节题。根据题干中的关键词Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities定位于文章第二段。本段中的第二句话指出“即使不知道具体的信息内容是什么,知道了信息是谁发的和信息发给谁也有可能透露客户隐私”。也就是说,绑定电话号码和脸谱身份的做法极有可能泄露客户隐私,增加客户的个人信息风险。答案C正是这句话的概括。
33、[答案][D] cannot keep pace with the changing market
[解析]细节题。根据题干回文定位到文章第三段,第三句话“it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy。”意为:对比数码经济中变化的速度,它是很缓慢的,cannot keep pace with 是选项中slow的同义替换,因此正确答案为选项D。
34、[答案][D]the rvices are paid for by advertirs
[解析]因果细节题。根据题干回文定位到第三段第六句话,其中it is not obvious是题干can hardly protect的同义替换。后文中指出when the urs of the rvices don’t pay for it, 表明这种情况发生的原因是这些服务的用户没有付款,而真正付款的是advertirs,
因此正确答案为D。
35、[答案][D] the relationship between digital giants and their urs灯笼的折法
[解析]观点例证题。根据题干中的关键词ants analogy回文定位到最后一段第二句话。而该例子论证的观点是上一句话,即最后一段的首句,该句指出“他们(Google和Facebook)所销售的商品是数据,而为了这些数据巨头(像Google和Facebook这样的数据信息企业)的利益,作为用户的我们将生活转向数据”,这句话揭示了用户和数据巨头之间的关系,通过数据联系在一起。数据巨头销售数据,用户生活中使用数据。因此正确答案为[D]选项,该例子论证了数据巨头和用户之间的关系。
中果皮 help的音标
Text 4
36、[答案][A] keep to your focus time
[解析]这是一道细节题。注意题干的一一对应,选项进行等价替换。根据题干定位到第二段最后一句。The key is to(题干对应) determine your length of focus time and stick to it(剩余信息为答案)。 对应选项 keep to(stick to)your focus time(your length of focus time)
37、[答案][D] detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected [解析]根据题干为细节题,
考察的是实验结论。The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that, 根据1980s和Harford快速找到定位第四段第二句,那么结论应该在后面,也就是第五段。第五段开头第一句while为让步,看主句部分they were wrong,冒号后面解释说,the detailed daily plans demotivated students。对应D选项,其中的may not be as fruitful对应demotivated。
38、[答案][D] an esntial factor in accomplishing any work
[解析]这是一道细节题。根据提干中的关键词,Newport和idleness,回文定位到第6段的Newport和第7段idleness,再结合第7段段末代词he, 考查到代词的指代问题,根据上下文确定此处的he指代Newport,确定第7段引号之内即为作者对于“idleness”的观点,由第7段后半句 idleness is ,paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done得出正确答案为 an esntial factor in accomplishing any work,其中esntial 是对原文necessary的同义替换,accomplishing any work是getting any work done的同义替换。
39、[答案][B] can bring about greater efficiency
[解析]这是一道人物观点题,根据提干中的关键词,Pillay 回文定位到第8段,再进一步匹配题干中的剩余信息,our brains’ shift between being focud and unfocud定位至第8
段段末处,our brains switch between being focud and unfocud,其中shift是switch的同义替换,由后半句 they tend to be more efficient得出正确答案为 can bring about greater effcieny, 是对原文tend to be more efficient的同义替换。
40、[答案][B] approaches to getting more done in less time
[解析]根据题干的特征,这是一道主旨题。文章开篇提出主题,关于“the ability to focus without distraction”, 第二段开头说“a number of approaches”, 提出方法,第四段开头another approach,所以这篇文章重点还是在说方法,所以B选项approaches to getting more done in less time为正确答案。more done in less time对应focus without distraction。
所见古诗原文 Part B
Part B
41、[答案][A] (Just say it)
[解析]从下方段落中看到I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything el will just flow。 So keep it simple: “Hi”, “Hey” or “Hello”——do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi”。 中我
节序
们不难发现重复的内容say “Hi”, 也相当于get that first word out, 共同表达的内容就是开口说,故A (Just say it开口说) 与之完美对应。
42、[答案][G] (Ask for an opinion)
[解析]从下方段落中出现So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions。 Trust me, you’ll be surprid to e how much people are willing to share if you just ask。 中我们不难发现重复的内容ask, 根据复现词我们不难找到G (Ask for an opinion询问看法),与其后的“how much people are willing to share”(人们非常愿意分享)完美对应。
43、[答案][E] (Find the “me too”s)
[解析]从下方对应段落When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point…中我们找到关键词have … in common有共同点。这与E (Find the “me too”s 寻找共同点)完美对应。
44、[答案][B] (Be prent)
[解析]从下方对应段落So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly。 因此当有人跟你跟你聊天时,要全身心的投入到谈话中,
以及后面复现词eye contact进行眼神交流,我们找到B (Be prent,在现场,投入当前事件中)能够与之对应。
45、[答案][D] (Name, places, things)
[解析]从下方对应段落…but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name。 Isn’t that awkward! …但是之后你可能再次见到时忘记了他们的名字。这不是很尴尬吗?通过反义疑问我们得知:应该要记得名字!而且随后So, remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like, the things they hate。因此,请记得你遇到且与之聊过天的这些人的一些小细节,比如他们去过的地方,他们想要去的地方,他们喜欢的以及讨厌的事物等等。从这些内容中我们不难找到与之对应的小标题D (Name, places, things)