The “Marshall Plan” speech at Harvard University, 5 june 1947
1947年6月5日的在哈佛大学的“马歇尔计划”的演讲
引言是什么George Catlett Marshall was born in Pennsylvania on 31 December 1880. He graduated from the Virginia Military Institute to launch a career as both a soldier and a statesman. After duty in the Philippines and the United States, he rved in France during World War I and later in China and in other posts in the United States. Appointed Army Chief of Staff from 1939 to 1945, he became Secretary of State in 1947 until 1949 and was nominated Secretary of Defence in 1950.
乔治 马歇尔于1880年12月31日出生于宾夕法尼亚州。他从佛吉尼亚军事学院毕业后，开始了他的作为士兵和政府家的生涯。服完在菲律宾和美国的兵役后，他在二战期间在法国参加战斗并之后在中国和美国的一些职位任职。1939年到1945年他被任命为陆空军司令，1947年到1949年他成为国务卿，并在1950年被提名为防务部长。
Below is text from the speech he gave at Harvard University on 5 June 1947. This speech initiated the post-war European Aid Program commonly known as the Marshall Plan.
湖南中学
以下是他在1947年6月5日在哈佛演讲的文本。这个演讲促动了战后欧洲援助计划，即被广泛称之为的马歇尔计划。费解是什么意思啊
It led to the creation of the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) on 16 April 1948, in order to meet Marshall's request for "some agreement among the countries of Europe as to the requirements of the situation and the part tho countries themlves will take". The mandate of the OEEC was to continue work on a joint recovery programme and in particular to supervi the distribution of aid. In 1961, the OEEC evolved to become the OECD.
为了实现马歇尔的要求“为了时事的需要及这些国家之中的一部分本身的需要，一些认同需要在欧洲国家之间实现”，这个演讲促成了欧洲经济合作组织（OEEC）于1948年4月16日的成立。这个OEEC致力于联合的经济复兴计划并且特别地监督援助的分配。在1961年，OEEC发展成了OECD。
General Marshall was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for his role as architect and advocate of the Marshall Plan.
剪刀简笔画图片
马歇尔将军在1953年因在马歇尔计划中所起的建设者和提倡者的角色而被授予诺贝尔和平奖。
"I'm profoundly grateful and touched by the great distinction and honor and great compliment accorded me by the authorities of Harvard this morning. I'm overwhelmed, as a matter of fact, and I'm rather fearful of my inability to maintain such a high rating as you've been generous enough to accord to me. In the historic and lovely surroundings, this perfect day, and this very wonderful asmbly, it is a tremendously impressive thing to an individual in my position. But to speak more riously, I need not tell you, gentlemen, that the world situation is very rious. That must be apparent to all intelligent people. I think one difficulty is that the problem is one of such enormous complexity that the very mass of facts prented to the public by press and radio make it exceedingly difficult for the man in the street to reach a clear appraiment of the situation. Furthermore, the people of this country are distant from the troubled areas of the earth and it is hard for them to comprehend the plight and conquent reactions of the long-suffering peoples, and the effect of tho reactions on their governments in connection wi
th our efforts to promote peace in the world.
个性张扬
手机换新今天早上我被哈佛校方给予我的强大的声望、荣誉和巨大的赞扬深深感动并深表感谢。我受宠若惊，因为事实上，我真是非常担心，惟恐我的无能无法承担你们给予我的如此真诚的期望。在这些历史性的美好场合，这个美好的日子，并且这个非常精彩的时刻，这是对我这么一个位置的人来说非常印象深刻的事情。但是更认真来讲，我并不需要告诉你们，世界形势非常严重。那对所有明智的人来说都是非常明显的。我认为一个困难就是这个问题是如此复杂以至于传媒呈现在大众面前的情况使得那些大街上的人们很难对现今的形势作出一个清楚的评价。并且，这个国家的人民远离这些问题地区，并且他们也很难理解那些长期遭受苦难人们的窘境和和相应的后果，也很难理解他们政府因为这些后果与我们的努力在促进世界和平上的作用。
In considering the requirements for the rehabilitation of Europe, the physical loss of life, the visible destruction of cities, factories, mines and railroads was correctly estimated but it has become obvious during recent months that this visible destruction was probably les
s rious than the dislocation of the entire fabric of European economy. For the past 10 years conditions have been highly abnormal. The feverish preparation for war and the more feverish maintenance of the war effort engulfed all aspects of national economies. Machinery has fallen into disrepair or is entirely obsolete. Under the arbitrary and destructive Nazi rule, virtually every possible enterpri was geared into the German war machine. Long-standing commercial ties, private institutions, banks, insurance companies, and shipping companies disappeared, through loss of capital, absorption through nationalization, or by simple destruction. In many countries, confidence in the local currency has been verely shaken. The breakdown of the business structure of Europe during the war was complete. Recovery has been riously retarded by the fact that two years after the clo of hostilities a peace ttlement with Germany and Austria has not been agreed upon. But even given a more prompt solution of the difficult problems the rehabilitation of the economic structure of Europe quite evidently will require a much longer time and greater effort than had been foreen.
考虑到欧洲战后重建的需要，生命逝去的损失和众所可见的城市、工厂、矿山和铁路的破
坏最被估算了下，但是这几个月事情很明显，即这些肉眼可见的破坏可能远远小于欧洲经济整个系统的裂痕。过去的10年情况是极端异常的。狂热的备战和更狂热的战争力量的维持使得国家经济所有方面断裂。机器失修或者完全过时。在军事独裁和毁灭性的纳粹统治下，实际上每一个可能的企业都卷进了德国的战争机器。因为资金的缺乏、民族主义的榨取或者单纯的破坏，长期的商业联系、私人机构、银行、保险公司和船务公司消失了。法医鉴定机构 在很多国家，对本国货币的信心已经严重动摇。战争中欧洲商业结构已经完全坍塌。重建被严重滞后，因为这么个事实，即在战争敌意结束后的两年后，和德国与澳大利亚的和平协议没有被遵守。但是即使对这些困难问题给予更多的即使的措施，战后欧洲经济的重建很明显地需要一个更长的时间并且需要比已经预见到的更大的努力。
运动会口号大全There is a pha of this matter which is both interesting and rious. The farmer has always produced the foodstuffs to exchange with the city dweller for the other necessities of life. This division of labor is the basis of modern civilization. At the prent time it is threatened with breakdown. The town and city industries are not producing adequate goods to exchange with the food producing farmer. Raw materials and fuel are in short supply. Machinery is lacking or worn out. The farmer or the peasant cannot find the goods
for sale which he desires to purcha. So the sale of his farm produce for money which he cannot u ems to him an unprofitable transaction. He, therefore, has withdrawn many fields from crop cultivation and is using them for grazing. He feeds more grain to stock and finds for himlf and his family an ample supply of food, however short he may be on clothing and the other ordinary gadgets of civilization. Meanwhile people in the cities are short of food and fuel. So the governments are forced to u their foreign money and credits to procure the necessities abroad. This process exhausts funds which are urgently needed for reconstruction. Thus a very rious situation is rapidly developing which bodes no good for the world. The modern system of the division of labor upon which the exchange of products is bad is in danger of breaking down.
