“一个公式” 打造完美人物对话
距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!
养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
对话 (dialogue) 是故事角色在整个故事中对彼此或对自己说的话。它可以用来揭示人物的性格和个性,它也可以用来推动情节向前发展,并展示情节发展的过程。我们需要用各种细节将主题编织进故事之中,让其不时地闪现,以展示故事的全部内涵。对话无疑是一种可以让全部内容显现出来的元素。人物在交谈、细语、呼喊、低吼、抱怨、讥讽、哀叹,而读者在倾听。相较于用枯燥的、阐释性的长篇大论去传达主题,对话这种方式不仅更快捷有效,而且更能激起读者的情感。对话描写需遵循以下原则:
(一)真实情感
在对人物进行对话描写时, 真情实感是贴切人物的最好表达, 尽量避免过于“高大上”或“假大空”, 脱离人物的真实身份。如:
“You have had a sound sleep!” the old lady shouted. “It’s time to open your eyes! We’re in a risky situation and we will have a big deal to make!”
不难发现作者对老妇人的真情实感的描写, 体现了老妇人急迫的个性和对生活的不顺心而大发脾气的妇女形象。同时, 结合三个感叹句,更好地体现了老妇人的急躁的心理。由此, 读者也能够通过该对话, 体会到语言的美感。
(二)描写比重
在对人物冲突中的具体的对话描写, 要注意在文中段落中的比重问题, 切忌以全对话或大部分对话代替其他细节描写, 要恰到好处,例如:
托业考试费用“In the garden?” Sam asked nervously. “I actually have given all I have to you! So, plea do not hurt me or kill me, I beg you!” Jessica also told the thief, “Do you want all our belongings? They are all in our bedroom. I will lead you to get them. Of cour, we are rich and we have a lot of money. All will be given to you if you do not hurt or kill us, plea, plea!” The thief said, “Of cour. I will not kill you too! OK. You are so good. I will not kill you if I get this. Give all to me now!” Just at that time, there was a knock at the door and the police came to the door.
从上一段的描写中我们不难发现, 几乎全段都是对话语言描写, 而且话语多次重复和啰嗦, 难以很好地表达主人公的内心情感, 也难以让读者体会到英语语言的美。所以, 在续写过程中,一定要读透文本, 理解文本中的语言特色, 保持语言的简洁性和一致性。
(三)展现转变
从故事的开头至结尾,我们笔下的人物应该一直在发生改变,至少是微妙的改变。我们创作小说的原因之一便是展现人物如何变得更好或者更坏。要创作出一个颇具改造性的场景、使人物发生永久的改变并且令读者意识到这一点,我认为这并不是一件轻而易举的事情。要完成这件事,我们笔下的人物必须说出更多意味深长的话语。
“I guess this is it," he said. "I'll e you back home in a month, okay?”“The boy's mother turned to the dog, "Okay, Poppy, time to go back home.”
这里的两个对话,一个是小主人和小狗说再见,一个是女主人带小狗回家,都显示了这家主人对小狗的喜爱,完全把她当作家庭一员来对待。通过这两个对话,我们可推断, 小狗只知道自己和小主人再见了, 却不知道小主人一个月之后会回来的, 所以才有下文的闷闷不乐。而其中男孩对小狗说的 “I'll e you back home in a month.”这句话为下文的“A few weeks later, the boy arrived home from the university.”埋下伏笔。
对话描写:
(一)对话的构成:农村电视剧speech,dialogue tag, description(语言,标签词,描述)
离开你不是我选择
例:“I don’t think the soldiers like us,” said Shmuel, who looked as if he was about to cry.
孙膑为哪国效力(二)对话标签:Polish redundant (冗余的) dialogues with vivid dialogue tags
示例:
1.“I hate them,” said Shmuel in a loud voice.
---“I hate them,” screamed Shmuel.
现代绘画之父2.“We can’t find Papa,” said Shmuel while crying.
---“We can’t find Papa,” sobbed/cried Shmuel.
3.“We can’t get out,” said Shmuel with a sigh.
---“We can’t get out,” sighed/complained Shmuel.
(三)表达“说”的常用词:
how to say:
nod (点头) ; whisper (轻声细语); sigh (叹息); repeat (重复地说);yell (大叫) ; shout(高声喊道); scream(尖叫);warn(警告); howl(怒吼);mumble (咕哝); murmur(低声说); sniff (嗤之以鼻); stammer (结巴); continue(继续说); emphasize(强调); conclude (结论); swear(发誓);persuade(劝说); prai(赞扬)
why to say:
promi(承诺); apologize (道歉); beg(乞求) ; reply (回复); add (补充道) ; demand (强烈要求) ; declare (宣称) ; announce (郑重地说 ); complain (抱怨);scold(批评);protest(抗议);admit(承认);ensure(确信);guarantee(保证)
对话描写示例:
1. “But that’s all right becau I hate them too. I hate them,” he repeated forcefully. (副词)
2.“I hope so,” said Shmuel, who looked as if he was about to cry. (定语从句)
3. “I don’t think the soldiers like us,” said Shmuel. “Well,” he added with something as clo to a laugh as he could muster. (介词短语)
4.“They do,” said Shmuel, leaning forward, his eyes narrowing and his lips curling up a little in anger. (doing分词 + 独立主格结构)
5. “He hated us”, he repeated, overwhelmed with rage. (-ed分词)
(四)对话描写万能公式:
Add descriptions to dialogue tags for emotion expression:
万能招式:Voice + Facial expression + Body language + Thought
Perspectives | Structures | Examples |
voice | 副词,介词短语 | 页脚横线repeated forcefully |
Facial expression | 定语从句, 介词短语 | who looked as if he was about to cry; 水煎包怎么做with something as clo to a laugh as he could muster;his eyes narrowing and his lips curling up a little in anger |
Body language | 介词短语,doing,done,独立主格结构;状语从句 | 情感问题leaning forward; |
Thought | doing,done | … cautiously, hoping that Shmuel wouldn’t say yes |
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