Grammar Subject and Verb Agreement 主语和谓语一致
主谓一致：是指 一个句子的谓语动词必须和主语的人称和数一致。尚城摄会
也就是说考查主语和谓语动词的单复数对应。谓语动词用单数还是用复数，这不仅仅取决于主语的单复数形式，有的时候还要看懂主语的单复数意义，所以要揭开庐山真面目，找到句子中真正的主语。
主谓一致主要遵循的三个原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近原则。
语法一致，数决定谓语动词的单复数形式，即主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词，谓语用单数，主语是复数，谓语用复数。
意义一致，是说有的时候主语看似是复数，但其实是单数；有时，主语形式为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词要依意义而定，也采用复数形式。“这就要考虑主语的单复数意义了。
就近原则，是指一些特殊短语做主语，比如，neither…nor，either…or，not…but…，not only…but also等，谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
谓语动词的变化
主语 | 有这样一种声音作文谓语 |
可数单数、不可数 | 金匮肾气丸的作用be动词：am is was 助动词：has does |
醋五味子的功效与作用可数复数 | be动词：are were 助动词：have do |
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一、就近原则
(1).由“or，，.，， not…but…”等连接的并列主语，谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。
Either my wife or I am going. Not only you but also he is ready to leave.
Neither you nor I am fit for the work.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone el knows the answer.
(2).“There be +名词”句型中的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最近的主语保持一致。
There is a book and three pens on the desk.
二、谓语动词用复数的情况
(1).由“both…and…”连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；
如:Both bread and butter are sold out.
(2).“ people，police，cattle”等集体名词作主语，谓语用复数。
如:People read for pleasure during their spare time.
(3).“a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名词”作主语，谓语用复数。
如:A number of other plants were found in America
面包蟹的做法(4).“ the+形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。
如:The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad.
(5).“one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
如：One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon．
(6) 由and连接的并列主语为“a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词”时，指两个人或物，谓语用复数。但主语为 “a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词”时，指的是同一个人或物, 谓语用单数。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人).
(7). 一些“成双成套”的名词, 如 “trours, pants, glass, clothes, shoes, scissors, chopsticks, compass (圆规)”等用作主语时, 谓语动词常用复数;
但此类名词前有“a(this/that/the) kind of , a pair of ,a suit of”等词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
如:My glass are broken. I have to buy a new pair.
The pair of shoes under the bed belongs to Tom.
三、谓语动词用单数的情况
(1). 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。
如：Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。
Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。
Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。
Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。
(2).常作为一个整体概念来看待的短语组合作主语，谓语用单数。
bread and butter黄油面包 a knife and fork一副刀叉
A knife and fork is on the table.
(3).主语是one/every one/each/either+单数名词， one/every one/each/either +of＋复数名词，谓语动词用单数。
Each of the students has a book.每个学生都有一本书。
(4). 主语是“no /each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”，谓语动词用单数。
Each boy and each girl has got a at. Every man and every woman is at work.
(5). 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Is everyone here today? Something is wrong with him.
(6). 非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
To e is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercis is good for your eyes.
Whatever was left was taken away.无论剩下了什么都被拿走了。
(7). 在“the (only) one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中, 从句的谓语常用单数形式。
I was the(only) one of the persons in my office who was invited.
(8). 一些以-ics结尾的学科名词, 如politics（政治），physics（物理），mathematics（数学）谓语要用单数形式。
I think physics isn't easy to study.
(9). 一些固定名词短语作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式。如：“one and a half+复数名词”， “many a+单数名词”，“ more than one+单数名词”，“ the number of＋复数名词”
One and a half hours is enough．
Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。
More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。
四、谓语动词单、复数视情况而定
(1).某些集体名词作主语时，强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。这类名词有：family，audience，class，club, crowd，enemy，group，party，public，team，army，等。
如： The whole family are watching TV?
His family is going to have a long journey．
(2). “all，none，some，any鼠标光标”等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。
All is going on very well. All are prent besides the professor.包括教授在内大家都在。
(3). “plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of， most of，诚信为本the rest of，分数 of，百分数of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致。
Two-fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.
More than ten percent of the workers are from Paris.
A lot of students are coming to the meeting.
A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.
(4).“名词+ with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like
including+名词”做主语时，谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
