2023年高考英语新热点时文阅读-科学技术
| 题型汤猪 | 主要内容 |
1 | 阅读理解 | 介绍了麻省理工学院(Massachutts Institute of Technology)最新公布的数字建设平台(DCP)将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的。 |
2 | 阅读理解 | 介绍了气象科学的发展历程及不同时期的科学家所做的贡献。 |
| 汤姆斯杯赛 3 | 阅读理解 | 介绍研究人员正在开发一种新技术，可以使机器人在同时与很多人交流时能应付自如。 |
4 | 阅读理解白醋怎样去皱纹 | 讲述研究人员利用瘫痪者的脑电波，将他的想法转化成语言并呈现到计算机上。 |
5 | 阅读理解 | 讲述自动化在农业中的应用，并改变了农业。 |
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01
（河北省示范性高中2022-2023学年高三9月调研考试英语试题）Housing ranks high among
the numerous challenges that still need to be overcome before humans can colonize(征服) Mars. The brave pioneers that make the six-month voyage to the Red Planet will need a place to live in as soon as they land. While the best solution would be to have the structures ready before they get there, it has so far been a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it out of the laboratory. Now, there may be a bit of hope thanks to Massachutts Institute of Technology’s newly revealed Digital Construction Platform (DCP).
保护条款
The DCP compris a double arm system that is fitted on a tracked vehicle. As the larger arm moves, the smaller, precision motor robotic arm builds the structure by shooting out the necessary construction material, ranging from insulation foam(绝缘泡沫) to concrete. The team of rearchers led by Ph. D．Steven Keating say that unlike other 3-D printers that are limited to building objects that fit within their overall enclosure, DCP’s free moving systems can be ud to construct structures of any size.
The team recently demonstrated the DCP’s building skills on an empty field in Mountain
View, CA．The robot began by creating a mold with expanding foam that hardens when dry. It then constructed the building, layer by layer, using nsors to rai itlf higher as it progresd. The final product was a sturdy “home” that had 50-foot diameter walls and a 12-foot high roof with room for esntials like electricity wires and water pipes to be inrted inside. Even more impressive? It took a mere 14 hours to “print”!
The rearchers’ next plan is to make the DCP smart enough to analyze the environment where the structure is going to be built and determine the material densities best suited for the area. However, that’s not even the best part. Future DCP models are going to be solar-powered, autonomous, and, most importantly, capable of sourcing construction components from its surroundings. This means the robot can be nt to remote, disaster-stricken areas, and perhaps even to Mars, to build shelters using whatever material is available.
1．What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Housing pioneers on Mars is a reality.
B．Colonizing Mars is out of the question.
C．Building structures on Mars is in the testing phas.
D．Finding a liveable place on Mars is a top priority.吐造句
2．How does the DCP differ from other 3-D printers?
A．It consumes less time.
B．It comes in more different sizes.
C．It is more environmentally friendly.
D．It can build more diver structures.
3．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The successful ca of the DCP. B．The working principle of the DCP.
就是那一只蟋蟀
C．The instructions of using the DCP. D．The limitation of the DCP’s function.
4．What might be the biggest highlight of future DCP ?
A．Being powered by solar.
B．Building shelters anywhere.
C．Collecting building materials on site.
D．Analyzing building material densities.
02
（2022·河南·洛宁县第一高级中学高三开学考试）Climate science has been rapidly advancing in recent years, but the foundations were laid hundreds of years ago.
In the 1820s, French scientist Joph Fourier theorized that Earth must have some way of keeping heat and that the atmosphere may play some role. In 1850, American scientist Eunice Newton Foote put thermometers(温度计)in glass bottles and experimented with placing them in sunlight. Inside the bottles, Foote compared dry air, wet air, N2, O创维液晶2 and C
O, and found that the bottle containing humid air warmed up more and stayed hotter longer than the bottle containing dry air,and that it was followed by the bottle containing CO2. In 1859, Irish scientist John Tyndall began measuring how much heat different gas in the atmosphere absorb. And in 1896, Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius concluded that more CO2 in the atmosphere would cau the planet to heat up: The findings planted some of the earliest eds of climate science.
The first critical breakthrough happened in 1967 when Syukuro Manabe and Richard Wetherald connected energy absorbed by the atmosphere to the air movement vertically over Earth.They built a model which first included all the main physical process related to climate changes. The predictions and the explanations bad on their model still hold true in the real world almost half a century later.
环纹海蛇The model was improved in the 1980s by Klaus Haslmann who connected short-term weather patterns with long-term climate changes. Haslmann found that even random weather data could yield insight into broader patterns.
“ The greatest uncertainty in the model remains what human beings will do. Figuring it out is 1,000 times harder than understanding the physics behind climate changes,” Manabe said.“ There are many things we can do to prevent climate change. The whole question is whether people will realize that something which will happen in20 or 30 years is something you have to respond to now.”
