VOCABULARY LIST
Preliminary English Test (PET)
Introduction to the PET Vocabulary List
The PET Vocabulary List gives teachers a guide to the vocabulary needed when preparing students for the PET examination.
Background to the List
The PET list was originally developed by Cambridge ESOL in consultation with external consultants to guide item writers who produce materials for the PET examination. It includes vocabulary from the Council of Europe’s Threshold (1990) specification and other vocabulary which corpus evidence shows is high-frequency. The list covers vocabulary appropriate to this level of English and includes receptive vocabulary (words that the candid
ate is expected to understand but which is not the focus of a question), and productive vocabulary (words that the candidate needs to know to answer a question).
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The list does not provide an exhaustive list of all words which appear on the PET question papers and candidates should not confine their study of vocabulary to the list alone.
How the List is Updated
The vocabulary of English changes over time, with words being added and other words falling into disu. In order to maintain its currency, the PET list is updated on an annual basis by the addition and removal of words, using a corpus-bad approach. Suggested additions to the wordlist are collated and the frequency of the words is obtained by reference to established corpora (electronic databas). The corpora in question reprent receptive and productive language in general contexts. The main corpora ud for the validation of the PET Vocabulary List are:
• the Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC) which includes over 20 million words of written learner English at six levels;
• the British National Corpus (BNC) which includes 100 million words of written and spoken native speaker data.
Organisation of the List
• Word ts
Some categories of words a learner at this level might be expected to know are not included in the alphabetical list but are listed parately. Words formed with common affixes, some compounds and words from some common word ts, e.g. days of the week are described below and in Appendix 1. Although some ‘grammar words’ (pronouns, modals, etc.) are included, the ‘Language Specification’ ction of the PET Handbook (available under ‘Downloads’) should be consulted for a more complete listing.
• Exemplification
纸船和风筝教案Example phras and ntences showing how words might be ud are given only where words with different meanings need to be the u of ca is limited to ‘suitca’: candidates are not expected to know other meanings, such as ‘a legal ca’.
PET Vocabulary List 2 © UCLES 2006
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• Prefixes and Suffixes
A list of possible prefixes and suffixes is provided in Appendix 2, and the may be combined with the vocabulary items in the list as appropriate. Words with an affix which is not included in the appendix are listed parately in the alphabetical list.
• Compound Words
Compound words are not included in the list where both individual words are prent and the meaning of the compound is literal and transparent, e.g. courbook, schoolboy, shoe
maker, underwater. A similar approach has been adopted with two-word and hyphenated compounds, for example, coffee bar, leisure centre, home-made, open-air.
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• Multi-word Verbs
Multi-word verbs are not included in the list if they have a literal meaning and are compod of verbs and particles already in the list. Examples of ‘literal’ multi-word verbs are come into, sit down, as in ‘Why not come into the kitchen and sit down?’ If the meaning of the verb is not transparent, e.g. put through, 里通外国get along, then the verb is listed and an example of usage given.
• Topic Lists
In Appendix 3 words have been grouped together under common PET themes, such as ‘Hou and Home’, ‘Sport’, ‘Food and Drink’.
Unsuitable Topics
Cambridge ESOL examinations must not contain anything that might offend or upt candidates, potentially affect their performance or distract them during the examination. A number of ‘nsitive’ topics are considered unsuitable for u in PET, for example, war and politics, and vocabulary relating to the is not included in the Vocabulary List.
Personal Vocabulary
The content of the PET list is general in nature and is unlikely to cover completely the productive vocabulary that may be required by all candidates. Candidates should know the specific lexis they will need to describe themlves and their lives, for example, work, hobbies, likes and dislikes.
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