Essay 和 Disrtation写作常用词汇与表达方式 作者： 王尊秋
好心办坏事的例子1. 引用数据（图表、表格）：
● 常用的动词：show, prent, illustrate, summarize, demonstrate, contain, provide, list, report, give, reveal, display, indicate, suggest, describe, …
● as从句： As shown in …/ As can be en in …/ As revealed by …
2. 引用/简述他人的研究/观点：
● XXX + Verb. + n./that … 其中Verb可以为：state, claim, argue, maintain, suggest, asrt, hypothesize, conclude, describe, develop, propo, find, show, report, u, study, demonstrate, note, discuss, obrve, explain, expand, publish, give, examine, analyze, focu灭火器如何使用s, presume, speculate, assume, support, theorize, contend, recommend
● 其它：Bad on …/ In the view of …/ According to …
3. 表达可能性：
● It is certain that …
● It is almost certain that …
● It is very probable/ highly likely that …
● It is probable/likely that …
● It is possible that …
● It is unlikely that …
● 色膏It is very/highly unlikely that …
用于表达可能性的另一种途径：
● There is a definite possibility that …
● There is a strong possibility that …
● 无边丝雨细如愁There is a good possibility that …
● There is a slight possibility that …
● There is little possibility that …
4. 表示例外：
● With the exception of …
● Apart from …
● Except for …
5. 表示原因/缘由：
● be due to
● be attibuted to
● be accounted for
● be a conquence of
● stem from
6. 表示定义/命名：
● be named
● be called
● be denoted by
● be known as
● be defined as
● be referred to
7. 引出设问句（不能直接使用设问句）：
● It is uncertain/unclear …
● It has not been determined …
● It is necessary to consider …
● The question remains …
● Current studies provide little information on …
● We need to know/consider …
● There is some question as to …
● Another issue raid by this study is …
8. 指出问题所在：
● This system/process/idea has its problems.
● There remains the issue of reliability.
● This model has some rious liminations.安神补脑液副作用
● Few solutions have been found to …
● Little progress has been made in …
● The problem remains as to how …
● Rearchers still have to find a way to …
9. 引出解决方案：
● Solutions to this problem are now widely discusd. One remedy is to …
● One method to address this difficulty is to …
● There are two possible ways of handling this problem. The first … The cond …
● Several options are available to address this obstacle. However, the best one ems to be …
● A radically different design/model is needed to overcome this limitation.
● Recently, rearchers have made significant progress in overcoming this difficulty by …
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10. 引出中心话题：
● Recently, there has been growing interest in …
● The possibility of … has generated wide interest in …
● The development of … is a classic problem in …
● The development of … has led to the hope that …
● The … has become a favorite topic for analysis …
● Knowledge of … has great importance for …
● The study of … has become an important aspect of …
● A central issue in … is …
● (The) … has been extensively studied in recent years.
● Many investigators have recently turned to …
● The relationship between … and … has been investigated by many rearchers.
● Many recent studies have focud on …
11. 表达相似之处：
● Similarly, …
● Likewi, …
● In the same fashion, …
● As in X, in Y …
● Like X, Y …
● The same …
● X is similar/comparable to Y
● X remble Y
● X correspond to Y
12. 表达不同之处或比较/对照：
● In contrast, …
● Unlike X, Y …
● In contrast to …
● On the other hand, …
● …; however, …
● …, but …
● Whereas/While …, …
● …, whereas/while …
● X differ from Y
● 中国古代建筑的特点X is different from Y
● X contrast with
13. 评价他人的研究/论著：
● 正面：uful, important, interesting, clarity, accessibility, detailed, up-to-date, insightful, significant, comprehensive, practical, successful, remarkable, impressive, elegant, scholoarly, original, perceptive, rigorous, economical
● 负面：inconsistent, restricted, misleading, thin, anecdotal, sloppy
14. 总结：
● Overall, …
● In general, …
● On the whole, …
● In the main, …
● With … exception, …
● The overall results indicate …
● The results indicate, overall, that …
15. 指出本研究的局限：
● It should be noted that this study has been primarily concerned with …
● This analysis has concentrated on …
● The findings of this study are restricted to …
● This study has addresd only the question of …
● The limination of this study are clear: …
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● We would like to point out that we have not …
16. 指出研究结果的局限：
● However, the findings do not imply …
● The results of this study cannot be taken as evidence for …
● Unfortunately, we are unable to determine from this data …
● The lack of … means that we cannot be certain …
17. 指出本研究的意义：
● Notwithstanding its limitations, this study does suggest …
● Despite its preliminary character, the rearch reported here would em to indicate …
