Chapter 5 The Modern Period_The English Literature
An Introduction to the modern period
1) Modernism ro out of skepticism and idsillusion of capitalism.
2) In the mid-1950s and early 1960s, there appeared a group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background, who were known as "the Angry Young Men."
3) James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness movelist. In Ulyss, Leopold Bloom, who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-I Europe.
4) George Bernard Shaw is considered to be the best-known english dramatist since Shakespeare.
5) The English dramatic revolution came in the 1950s under various European and American influences. This revolution developed in two directions: the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd.
6) John Osborne was the man who started the first change in drama by prenting his play, Look Back in Anger, in 1956. Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the first "Angry Young Man."
7) Samuel Beckett, who Waiting for Godot, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.
女教师的故事George Bernard Shaw
1) With great efforts, he wrote five novels in all. The best known is Cashel Byron's Profession.
2) His first play is Widowers' Hous which is a grotesquely realistic exposure of slum landlordism; Mrs. Warren's Profession, written in 1893 but published 5 years later, is a play about the economic oppression of women. The two can be regarded as the typical reprentatives of Shaw's early plays.
3) Structurally and thematically, Shaw followed the great traditions of realism. As a realistic dramaticst, he took the modern social issues as his subjects with the aim of directing social reforms. Most of his ploays can be termed as problem plays. And his plays have one passion, and one only, i.e. indignation, "indignation against oppression and exploitation, against hypocrisy and lying, against prostitution and slavery, against poverty, dirt and disorder."保健床垫
(George Bernard Shaw is the leading playwright of his time. What's Bernard Shaw's viewpoint on lite
rature? (A) His playwrights have a variety of subjects. His early plays were mainly concerned with social problems and directed towards the criticism of the contemporary social, economic, moral and religious evils. (B)Structurally and thematically, Shaw followed the great traditions of realism. As a realistic dramaticst, he took the modern social issues as his subjects with the aim of directing social reforms. (C) One feature of Shaw's characterization is that he makes the trick of shwoing up one character vividly at the expen of another. Another feature is that Shaw's characters are the reprentatives of ideas and points of view. (D) Much of Shavian drama is constructed around the inversion of a conventional theatrical situation.
John Galsworthy
1) who first book, From the Four Winds(来自四位吹奏者) ( a volume of short stories), in 1897 under the pudonym of John Sinjohn. His first play, The Silver box, and The Man of Property, established him as a prominent novelist and plyawright in the public mind.
2) The Forsyte Sage( 弗尔塞特世家三部曲）, his first trilogy: The Man of Property, In Chancery(骑虎难下), and To Let (出租). His cond Forsyte trilogy, A Modern Comedy (现代喜剧), appeared in 1929, and the third, End of the Chapter,（篇章末尾） posthumously in 1934.
3) Galsworthy was a conventional writer, having inherited the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical realism such as Dicknes and Thackeray.
The Man of Property 1) which is the first novel of the Forsyte trilogies which tell the ups and downs of the Forsyte family from 1886 to 1926. Soames Forsyte, a typical Forsyte, reprents the esnce of the principle that the accumulation of wealth is the sole aim of life, for he consides everything in terms of one's property.
2) the Forsyte Sage, a typical Forsyte has a remarkable characteristic, a strong n of property.
William Butler Yeats
1) In 1923, he was awarded Nobel Prize for literature.
2) In his poem, "No Second Troy," Yeats expresd a strong feeling towards love and towards the Irish reality with scornful irony. In the poem, "September 1913," Yeats, with vere satire, assaulted the bourgeois philistines and their meanness of spirit and lfish materialism.
3) In his famous poem, "Sailing to Byzantium," Yeats explored the problems of death, love, old age and art. "Leda and the Swan," his strange but powerful sonnet, express a tragic n of history a
s a ries of patterns of behavior and action.
4) His first play, The Countess Catheleen (凯瑟琳伯爵夫人).Cathleen ni Houliham, The Land of Heart's Desire（心欲的土地）, The Shadowy Waters（布满阴影的水城） and Purgatory(炼狱). Later Yeats began experimenting with techniques borrowed from the Japane Noh plays, such as the u of masks, of ritualized actions, and of symbolic languages together with the conbination of music and dance.
The Lake Isle of Innisfree(伊尼斯弗利的湖中
沙洲)1) This poem is written in 1893. Tired of the life of his day, Yeats sought to escape into an ideal fairyland where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoy the beauty of nature. The poem consists of three quantrains of iambic pentameter, with each stanza rhymed abab. Innisfree is an inlet in the lake in Irish legends. Here the autoor is referring to a place for hermitage. ( I will ari and go now, and go to Ininisfree,/ And a samll cabin build there, of clay and wattles amde:/ Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,/ And live alone in the bee-loud glade.
D own by the Salley Gardens (走过萨利花园)1) Originally entitled "An Old song Resung," with Yeats's footnote: "This is an attempt to reconstruct an old song from three lines imperfectly rememb
电梯品牌排行榜ered by an old peasant woman in the village of Ballysodare, Sligo, who often sings them to herlf.
T. S. Eliot
1) His first important poem, "The love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock," appeared in 1915.
2) "Gerontion" is a poem of dramatic monologue in which an old man reminisces about his lost power to live and his lost hope of spiritual rebirth. The poem is a prelude to The Waste Land, helping to point up the continuity of Eliot's thinking. The Hollow Men, which bears a strong thematic remblance to The Waste Land, is generally regarded as the darkest of Eliot's poems.
3) The Waste Land, Eliot's most important single poem, has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry, comparable to Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads. The Waste Land is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpo. The poem has developed a whole t of historical, culturla and religious themjes; but it's often regarded as being primarily a reflection of the 20th-century people's disillusionment and frustration in a sterile and futile society.
4) Ash Wednesday, and Four Quartets reflect his allegiance to the Churcxh of England.
5) who has five full-length plays: Murder in the Cathedral, The Family Reunion, The Cocktail Party, The Confidential Clerk, and The Elder Statesman. All the plays have something to do with Christian themes. (教堂的谋杀，家人团圆，鸡尾酒传报，机要人员，及年长的政客). Generally speaking, Murder in the Cathedral is the best of his plays in the n that it contains the best poetry and the most coherent drama. The Family Reunion has a modern tting:
大自然花草图片
竹木地板6) T. S. Eliot was alos an important pro writer. In his famous essay, "Tradition and Individual Talent," (传统与个人天才)Eliot put great emphasis on the importance of tradition both in creative writing and in criticism.
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (Ｊ。Ａ布鲁劳克的情歌)1) It's the most striking early achievement. It prents the meaditation of an aging
young man over the business of proposing marriage. The poem is an a form of
dramatic monologue, suggesting an ironic contrast between a pretended "love song"
and a confession of the speaker's incapability of facing up to love and to life in a sterile
upper-class world. Prufrock, the protagonist of the poem, is neurotic, lf-important,
illogical and incapable of action. He is a kind of tragic figure caught in a n of
defeated idealism and tortured by unsatisfied desires. The ttings of this poem
rembles the "polite society of Pope's "The Rape of the Lock," in which a tea party is a significant event and a game of cards is the only way to stave off boredom .This poem is intenlhy anti-romantic with visual images of hard, gritty objects and evasive hellish atmosphere.
人工智能的未来
(The Yello fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes, The yellow smoke that rubs its
muzzle on the windowpanes, Licked its tongue into the corners of the evening, Lingered
upon the pools that stand in drains, Let fall upon its back the soot that falls from
chimneys, Slipped byh the terrace, made a sudden leap, And eing that it was a soft
October night, Curled once about the hou, and feel asleep.)
D. H. Lawrence
1) The conflict between the earthy, coar, energetic but often drunken father and the refined, strong-
willed and up-climbing mother is vividly prented in his autobio graphical novel, Sons and Lovers.
2) His first novel, The White Peacock , is a remarkable work of a talented young man. His cond novel is T he Trespasr （白孔雀，过客)
3) The following two novels, The Rainbow, and Women in Love, are generally regarded as his
masterpieces. Symbolism and complex narrative are employed more richly in the works that in the earlier ones.
4) Thus, women in Love is regarded to be a more profoundly ordered novel that any ogther written by Lawrence.
5) Lawrence trilogy: A collier's Friday Night, The Daughter-in-Law and The Widowing of Mrs.
Holroyed, have in common the rypical working-class environments t in Nottinghamshire. (矿工的周五夜晚，儿媳，守寡的霍尔罗伊德夫人).Sones and Lovers 1) (What are the modernistic characteristics of D. H. Lawrence's novels?)
Lawrence was one of the first novelist to introduce themes of psychology into his
works. He believed that the healthy way of th eindivudual's psychollogical
developmjent lay in the primacy of the life impul, or in another term, the xual
impul. Human xuality was, to Lawrence, a symbol of life Force. By prenting the
psychological experience of individual human life and of human relationships.
Lawrence has opened up a wide new territory to the novel.流清鼻涕是什么原因
2) Discuss the striking feature of Paul, the main character in "Sons and Lovers."
2.1 He gradually comes under the strong influence of the mother in affections,aspirations and mental habits, and e his father with his mother's eyes.
2.2 paul depends heavily on his mother's love and help to make n of the world
aroud him;
2.3 In order to become an independent man and a true artist he has to make his own
decisions about his life and work,
2.4 Paul is proved to be incapable of escaping the overpowering emotional bond
impod by his mother's love, so he fails to achieve a fulfilling relationship with either
girls.
2.5 Finally, Paul determines to face the unknown future.
1) In all the stories in Dubliners dealing with childhood, the child lives not with his parents but with an uncle and aunt--a symbol of that isolation and lack of proper
relation between "consubstantial" ("In the flesh") parents and children which is a major theme in Joyce's work James Joyce
1) Joyce is not a commercial writer. In his lifetime, he wrote altogether three movels, a collection of short stories, two volumes of poetry, and one play. The novels and short stories are regarded as his great works, all of which have the same tting: Ireland, especially Dublin, and the same subject: the Irish people and their life.
2) Dubliners, a collection of 15 short stories , is the first important work of Joyce's lifelong
preoccupation with Dublin life. Dubliners begins by prenting death as an inscrutable fact in a small boy's existence; it ends with a vision in which death is en. To make the Irish e death and living dead in their life is perhaps the first step, in Joyce's opinion, to evoke the national spirit of the Irish people. The stories are also important as examples of Joyce's theory of epiphany in fiction: each is concerned with a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a emingly trivial incident.
3) In 1916, Joyce published his first novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man .
4) Ulyss, Joyce's masterpiece, has become a prime example of modernism in literature. Below the surface of the events, the natural flow of mental reflections, the shifting modds and impuls in the characters' inner world are richly prented in an unprecedentedly frrank and penetrating way. Like Eliot's masterpiece, The Waste Land, Joyce's Ulysss prents a realistic picture of the modern
wasteland in which modern men are portrayed as vulgar and trivial creatures with splitting personalities,disillusioned ideals, sordid minds and broken families, who are arching in vain for harmonious human relationships and spiritual sustenance in a decaying world.
5) What is "steram of consciousness" in novel writing? A) In modern literature, quite many new trend
s appeared. Among them, " Steram of consciousness" the theory of which was discovered by william Janes,an American Psychologist. Fitzgerald utilized this method in novel writing, creating new features in deepening the theme of the novel; B) Generally speaking, the novel of "stream of consciousness" is just written against the order of time or logic, thus making the plot queer. But through this
queerness, the reader is enchanted into the psychological world with heros and the chaotic world without them .
共产主义觉悟6)i d d h i f i li i li "Araby" from Dubliners
