模块9Unit2语法讲练
单 元：Unit 2 Witnessing Time
板 块：语法 (Participle claus)
一、语法知识归纳 （分词短语作定语、状语、补足语）
非谓语动词 | 构 成 | 特 征 和 作 用 |
时 态 和 语 态 | 否定式 | 具有副词和形容词的作用，在句中做定、状、补足语 |
分词 | 现在分词 | doing | being done毕业图片 | 在分词前加not |
过去分词 | having done | having been done |
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（一）作定语
1. 分词短语作定语时，应置于被修饰名词之后。
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
站在窗边的那个人是我们老师。（现在分词作定语表主动）
Suddenly there appeared a young woman dresd in green.
突然出现一个穿绿色衣服的女青年。（过去分词作定语表被动或完成）
注意区别：现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，表示主动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语表完成或被动的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表完成不表被动的动作。
They lived in the hou facing the south. 他们住在朝南的房子里。 (现在分词作定语表示主动意义)
The meeting held yesterday is important. 昨天开的会议很重要。（及物动词的过去分词表被动或完成）
2. 分词短语作定语相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词。
The man reading a novel at the desk is my father. （现在分词表“主动、正在”）
= The man who is reading a novel at the desk is my father. 在桌边读小说的人是我父亲。
Is there anything planned for tonight? （过去分词表“被动、已经”）
时政论文
= Is there anything that has been planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？
3. 现在分词的被动语态（being done）与过去分词（done）做定语的区别。
现在分词的被动语态表示正在被进行的动作；过去分词表示被动的动作或已完成的被动动作。
The power station being built now will be one of the largest in China.
= The power station that is being built now will be one of the largest in China.
现在正在建造的将是中国最大的发电站之一。
The power station built支护桩施工 last year is a big one.
= The power station that was built last year is a big one. 去年建的发电站很大。
（二）作状语
1. 分词短语作状语可表时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随等情况。
She’s upstairs writing letters. 她在楼上写信。 （表伴随）
Looking out of the window, I saw some students playing there.
我从窗户往外看，看见几个学生在那儿玩。（表时间）
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 由于伤得很重， 只好把他送往医院。（表原因）
Working hard, you will surely succeed. 如果你努力工作，你就一定会成功。 （表条件）
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 那孩子摔了一跤，头撞到了门上。(表结果童年的读书笔记)乔迁大吉祝福语
An old man came in, supported by a girl. 一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走进来。 （表方式）
2. 否定句改为分词短语时，否定词放在分词结构前。
Not knowing what to say, I remained silent. 不知该说什么，我保持沉默。
Not having received her son’s letter, she wrote him again. 没收到儿子的信，她又给他写了一封。
3. 在通常情况下，分词短语作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，若不一致，可在分词前加一个
名词或代词，使之成为分词的逻辑主语。由于加在分词前的代词要用主格形式，故称为分词独立
主格结构。使用独立结构时，注意要用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来。
Night coming on, we started on our way home. = When night came on, we started on our way home.
夜晚来临，我们踏上归程。
All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.
后背脊柱疼= When all things are considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.
通盘考虑，她的论文比你的有价值得多。
注意：独立主格结构中doing/done 的逻辑主语是它前面的名词或代词；如果前面的名词或代词与后面的分词结构是主动的逻辑关系，就用“名词/代词+doing”结构，如果是被动关系，则用“名词/代词+done”结构。分词的逻辑主语为人称代词时，应用主格。
My homework having been done, I listened to the music. 什么凛然四字成语
= When my homework had been done, I listened to the music. 我们做完了作业就听音乐。
It being a fine day last Sunday, we went mountain climbing.
= Since it was a fine day last Sunday, we went mountain climb. 上周日天气很好，我们去爬山了。
4. 分词（短语）作状语时，可在前面加上when, while, once, if, unless, although 等连词，以便明确作何种状语。
When first introduced to the market, the products enjoyed great success.
= When the products were first introduced to the market, they enjoyed great success.月亮天蝎
最初引进市场时，这些产品就获得很大成功。
Unless invited, I won’t go to the party. 除非受到邀请，否则我是不会参加晚会的。
= Unless I am invited, I won’t go to the party.
Although treated by the best doctors in this city, she still couldn’t stand on her feet.
= Although she was treated by the best doctors in this city, she still couldn’t stand on her feet.
虽然受到了这城里最好的医生的治疗，她仍然不能站立。
While walking his doggie, he whistled to train it. 他一边遛狗，一边吹着口哨训练它。
= While he was walking his doggie, he whistled to train it.
（三）作补足语
1. 在e, hear, watch, feel, obrve, listen to, notice等感官动词后，用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在发生，即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束；如果用过去分词作宾补，则表示完成及被动的概念。
She was glad to e the child well taken care of.
= She was glad to e that the child was well taken care of. 她很高兴地看到孩子被照顾得很好。
He found the street lined with people the next morning.
= He found that the street was lined with people the next morning. 第二天早上，他发现街上排满了人。
I saw the boy running across the street.
= I saw that the boy was running across the street. 我看见那男孩在过马路。
2. 在have, make, keep, get, catch, leave, t等动词后，也可用分词短语作补足语。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time. 很抱歉让你久等了。
He had his hou broken into when he was on business. 他出差时家里遭人入室抢劫了。
The girl was caught stealing in the supermarket.那位女孩被当场抓住在超市偷东西。
二、语法拓展训练
（一）单项填空
1. They went away, ______ undone.
A. and leaving something B. left something C. something left D. something leaving
