the warnming of the Earth ob
The impact of incread surface temperatures is significant in itlf. But global warming will have additional, far reaching effects on the planet. Warming modifies rainfall patterns, amplifies coastal erosion, lengthens the growing ason in some regions, melts ice caps and glaciers, and alters the ranges of some infectious dias. Some of the changes are already occurring.
Photograph of Lake Powell showing the bathtub ring expod by the low lake level.
Global warming will shift major climate patterns, possibly prolonging and intensifying the current drought in the U.S. Southwest. The white ring of bleached rock on the once red cliffs that hold Lake Powell indicate the drop in water level over the past decade the result of repeated winters with low snowfall.
For most places, global warming will result in more frequent hot days and fewer cool days, with the greatest warming occurring over land. Longer, more inten heat waves will becom
e more common. Storms, floods, and droughts will generally be more vere as precipitation patterns change. Hurricanes may increa in intensity due to warmer ocean surface temperatures.
Maps of predicted future precipitation bad on global circulation models.
It is impossible to pin any single unusual weather event on global warming, but emerging evidence suggests that global warming is already influencing the weather. Heat waves, droughts, and inten rain events have incread in frequency during the last 50 years, and human induced global warming more likely than not contributed to the trend.
The weather isn’t the only thing global warming will impact: rising a levels will erode coasts and cau more frequent coastal flooding. Some island nations will disappear. The problem is rious becau up to 10 percent of the world’s population lives in vulnerable areas less than 10 meters (about 30 feet) above a level.
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环太平洋影评Between 1870 and 2000, the a level incread by 1.7 millimeters per year on average,
for a total a level ri of 221 millimeters (0.7 feet or 8.7 inches). And the rate of a level ri is accelerating. Since 1993, NASA satellites have shown that a levels are rising more quickly, about 3 millimeters per year, for a total a level ri of 48 millimeters (0.16 feet or 1.89 inches) between 1993 and 2009.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates that a levels will ri between 0.18 and 0.59 meters (0.59 to 1.9 feet) by 2099 as warming a water expands, and mountain and polar glaciers melt. The a level change predictions may be underestimates, however, becau they do not account for any increas in the rate at which the world’s major ice sheets are melting. As temperatures ri, ice will melt more quickly. Satellite measurements reveal that the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets are shedding about 125 billion tons of ice per year enough to rai a levels by 0.35 millimeters (0.01 inches) per year. If the melting accelerates, the increa in a level could be significantly higher.
吴雅琳More importantly, perhaps, global warming is already putting pressure on ecosystems, th
e plants and animals that co-exist in a particular climate zone, both on land and in the ocean. Warmer temperatures have already shifted the growing ason in many parts of the globe. The growing ason in parts of the Northern Hemisphere became two weeks longer in the cond half of the 20th century. Spring is coming earlier in both hemispheres.
This change in the growing ason affects the broader ecosystem. Migrating animals have to start eking food sources earlier. The shift in asons may already be causing the lifecycles of pollinators, like bees, to be out of synch with flowering plants and trees. This mismatch can limit the ability of both pollinators and plants to survive and reproduce, which would reduce food availability throughout the food chain.
See Buzzing About Climate Change to read more about how the lifecycle of bees is synched with flowering plants.
Warmer temperatures also extend the growing ason. This means that plants need more water to keep growing throughout the ason or they will dry out, increasing the risk
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of failed crops and wildfires. Once the growing ason ends, shorter, milder winters fail to kill dormant incts, increasing the risk of large, damaging infestations in subquent asons.
In some ecosystems, maximum daily temperatures might climb beyond the tolerance of indigenous plant or animal. To survive the extreme temperatures, both marine and land-bad plants and animals have started to migrate towards the poles. Tho species, and in some cas, entire ecosystems, that cannot quickly migrate or adapt, face extinction. The IPCC estimates that 20-30 percent of plant and animal species will be at risk of extinction if temperatures climb more than 1.5° to 2.5°C.
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