考情分析
五年考情分析--C篇阅读理解
年份2009年2010年2011年2012年2013年
题材电脑软件太阳黑子活动考古法律男女对压力的
不同反应
机器飞行仿生
类别科学技术科学技术文化艺术科学技术科学技术
字数351 366 386 423 394
难度中中难易中
试题探究
1.阅读理解题型分类
单一细节题：问题仅涉及到语篇中的一个细节许银川最怕的对手
（一）细节题
综合细节题：问题涉及到语篇中两个或两个以上细节
事实推断
指代推断
（二）推断题词义推断短语推断生词
词汇推断
一个木一个至
态度推断熟词生义
主旨大意
（三）概括题
选标题
2.重难点
（一）细节题：
细节题的解题要点是一定要对应到语篇中相应的语句，找到问题的出处。很多同学在细节题上失分的原因是在读了语篇后，往往按照自己的理解进行解题，脱离了上下文。
例如2010年上海英语高考阅读理解C篇的第74题：
According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to______.
A．take images of the solar system B．provide early warning of thunderstorms
C．keep track of solar activities D．improve the communications on Earth
对应到语篇中的语句应Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Obrvatory (SDO), which will take
images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.再根
据monitoring solar activity可知，NASA发射一颗人造卫星的目的是监控太阳的活动，因
此本题选 C.有一部分同学错误地理解了take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer
than the most advanced televisions这句句子，因此错误地选了 A.
（二）推断题：
高级幽默笑话
推断题在阅读理解的题型中具有一定的难度，需要对语篇中的相关内容进行深入地理解和推理，主要有事实推断、词义推断和态度推断。
事实推断的问题有What can we infer from the passage? What can be inferred about…等。解题时，首先需要在语篇中找到和试题选项有关的语句，再根据语句进行推
断，得出言外之意，弦外之音。
词义推断是推断题中一种常考题型，分为指代推断、短语推断和词汇推断，多考查短语推断中的生词推断，解这类题的方法即是根据所在生词的上下句，推断出生词意思。
态度推断要求了解整个语篇的主旨大意，在理解中心思想的基础之上，对作者或褒
或贬，或赞成或发对的态度进行推断，只要能了解语篇大意，解这类题型并不难。
（三）概括题
概括题分为主旨大意和选标题两类题型。
无论是主旨大意题，还是选标题，都要从语篇整体的角度出发，从全局的角度进行解题，不可以偏概全，也不可过于宽泛。
真题解读
【例】（2013年上海高考英语试卷C篇阅读理解）
A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly. The
mechanical fly has become a platform for a ries of new high-tech systems. Designed to do what a fly does
naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat houfly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform
controlled flight tasks.
“It's extremely i mportant for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of
individual components（元件）,” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on
the robotic fly project for over a decade. A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the
components. "The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of tho components are off the我们为什么要上学
shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own," he said.
They engineered a ries of systems to start and drive the rob otic fly. “The emingly simple system which
just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components: each of which individual
flight device
has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to,” said Wood was built into a t of power, computation, nsing and control systems. Wood says the success of the project
proves that the flying robot with the tiny components can be built and manufactured.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it
with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around,”
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at inct-scale. Yet, the power,
nsing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can star about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult
with the animals, but using the robots instead,” he said. “So there are a lot of technologies and op
en i
scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”
72.The difficulty the team of engineers met with while making the robotic fly was that_______
A. they had no model in their mind
B. they did not have sufficient time
C. they had no ready-made components
D. they could not asmble the components
【参考答案】 C
【真题解读】单一细节题。细节题的解题关键在于抓住语篇中的重点词句。根据此题的问题，
定位第二段"The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of
tho components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own,"
这句话中的none of tho components are off the shelf可知，没有现成的零件。
73. It can be inferred from paragraphs 3 and 4 that the robotic fly______________.
A. consists of a flight device and a control system
B. can just fly in limited areas at the prent time
C. can collect information from many sources
D. has been put into wide application
【参考答案】 B
【真题解读】推断题中的事实推断。事实推断需要根据语篇中相关语句的言外之意进行判断，综合第三段和第四段的段落大意，再根据第四段中so that it might someday
fields or on the battlefield可perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’
知目前robotic fly只能在有限的地区飞行。
74. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?
A. The robotic flyer is designed to learn about incts.
B. Animals are not allowed in biological experiments.
C. There ud to be few ways to study how incts fly.
D. Wood's design can replace animals in some experiments.
【参考答案】 D
【真题解析】综合细节题。此题涉及到语篇的多处细节，需要对应语篇中的相关内容，对四个选项进行一一甄别。根据最后一段you know, to study biology in ways that
would be difficult with the animals, but using the robots instead这句句子可知，
Wood的设计可以在一些实验中取代动物。
75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage'?
A. Father of Robotic Fly
B. Inspiration from Engineering Science
C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Inct
D. Harvard Breaks Through in Inct Study
【参考答案】 C
【真题解析】概括题中的选标题。选标题需要根据整个语篇的内容，进行概括和归纳，标题既不能过于宽泛，又不能以偏概全，适当时机，也可根据题目中的选项采取排
除法进行选择。由语篇每一段的大意可知，此语篇主要说明了机器飞行器的仿
生作用。
学法点睛
1、把握语篇的“二首一尾”，即抓住了语篇的主要内容。二首：语篇的第一段，每
一段的第一句；一尾：语篇的最后一段。从“二首一尾”的角度，了解语篇大意。
2、具有揭示性意义的词，如show, suggest, find和具有转折性意义的词，如however,
nevertheless后面的语句往往是出题的“高频地带”，在阅读时需要精读。
3、语篇中的专有名词和具体例子可略读，甚至不读。
4. 在解答细节题时，始终贯穿“同意转述”的解题思想，即正确的选项是用另一种
表达方式表达语篇中的相关内容。
过关检测
巩固测试：
（杨浦2013一模C篇）
Does solving a math problem give you a headache? Do you feel nervous when you sit a math exam? For
most students, math can be tough but scientists have proved that math problems can actually trigger physical pain.
Scientists came to his conclusion with an in-depth experiment, which was published in the Public Library of
Science One journal. They began by finding out how much participants fear math. Tho involved were asked a
ries of questions such as how they feel when they receive a math textbook or when they walk into a math lesson.
Bad on their answers, participants were divided into groups. One group was made up of people who were
particularly afraid of math and participants in the other group were more comfortable with the subject.
Both groups were then given either math tasks or word tasks. When a math task was going to come next, a
yellow circle would appear but when a word task was soon to come, a blue square would be shown.
Using a brain-scan machine, scientists noticed that whenever people from Group One saw a yellow circle,
their brain would respond in a way similar to when their body is feeling pain. It was like the pain they would fee,
for example, if they burnt their hand on a hot stove. But they reacted less strongly when they knew that they
would be faced with a word task.
However, scientists saw no strong brain respon from people in the cond group.
Math can be difficult, and for tho with high levels of mathematics-anxiety (HMA), math is associated with
tension, apprehension and fear. “When you are really thinking about the math problems, your mind is racing and
you are worrying about all the things that could go wrong,” explained Ian Lyons from University of Chicago, leader of the study. “The higher a person’s anxiety of a maths task, the more he activated brain regions associat with threat detection, and the experience of pain.”
More interestingly, the brain activity disappeared when participants actually started dealing with the math
the anticipation of math is painful,” Lyons said.
tasks. “This means that it’s not that math itlf hurts; rather,
Bad on the study, scientists suggested that things could be done to help students worry less and move past
their fear of math, which might mean they perform better in tests.
72. In the first stage, scientists ask participants some questions to _____.
色盲怎么治疗A. e whether math hurts
B. find out how much they fear math
C. obrve how their brain respon
D. test their endurance of pain
the anicipation of math” is clost in meaning to _____.
73. The underlined word “
A. the attempt of learning math
B. the motivation to work out math problem
C. the effort to understand math
迪奥口红最火的色号D. the act of thinking about math
74. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. How to overcome math fear.
B. Physical pain affects math performance.
C. Math pain in your brain.
服务器硬盘接口D. Unknown truth about pain.
75. What can be concluded from the experiment?
A. The anticipation of math has no relation to students’ confidence in math.
B. Moderate mathematic anxiety promotes students’ academic performance.
C. Effective solutions have been worked out to lower students’ anxiety of math.
D. Physical pain caud by HMA disappears in the process of doing math problem.
（浦东2013一模C篇）
Seligman is leading the rearch on what might be called Happiness Revolution in psychology. Since World
War II, psychologists have focud on fixing what is broken —repairing psychosis（精神病）, and neurosis（精
神衰弱）. Rearch has piled up steadily when it comes to looking at patients who are neurotic, while the happy or
joyful people among us have received little scientific examination.
When Seligman did a arch to find academic articles about such ‘positive psychology’ he found only 800
梦见朋友怀孕了是什么意思out of 70,000. ‘Psychologists tend to be concerned with taking a negative 8 person, and helping him get to
negative 2,’ said Seligman, a psychology professor of the University of Pennsylvania. ‘My aim is to take a plus 2
person and boost him to a plus 6.’
In the last 50 years, statistics have shown that we are less happy as a people. ‘While our quality of life has
c of depression,’ Seligman said.
incread dramatically over that time, and we’ve become richer, we’re in an epidemi
‘Depression is 10 times more common now, and life satisfaction rates are down as well.’ Seligman argues that the
-minded focus on mental illness
new science he writes about is shifting psychology’s model away from its narrow
towards positive emotion, virtue and strength that increa people’s happiness. If you want to be happy, winning the lottery（抽奖）, getting a no job, or curing a rai. In his new book, Authentic Happiness, psychologist Martin Seligman argues that overall lifetime happiness is not the result of good genes, money, or even
luck. Instead, he says we can increa our own happiness by making u of the strengths and virtues that we already
have, including kindness, originality, humor, optimism, and generosity. He has named the field ‘Positive Psychology,’ arguing that we would be better off building on our own strengths rather than mourning, and, hence,
trying to repair, our weakness. B y frequently calling upon their strengths, people can build up natu
ral barriers
against misfortune and negative emotions, he said.
Science has shown that there are veral distinct roads to being a happy person — though happiness might
not mean what you think. Material goods —even simple ones like ice cream, and massages —are only
stimulating things that rapidly give people a boost.
To cultivate happiness, we must first find out our individual strengths and virtues. Next, apply the qualities in
such a way as to enhance your happiness-generating system.
72.The distinctive feature of Seligman’s work lies in ______.
A. evaluating the psychological state of people
B. making a study of people who suffer from mental illness
C. focusing the scientific examination on the happy or joyful people
D. figuring out the exact number of the academic articles about ‘positive psychology’
73.What does Seligman mean by saying ‘take a plus 2 person and boost him to a plus 6’?
A. We should focus on happy or joyful people.
B. We need more and more happy and joyful people.
C. It’s difficult to make people happy from a plus 2 to plus 6.
D. Happy people also need to improve their level of happiness.
74.According to the passage, which of the statements might Martin Seligman support?
A. Promotion leads to true happiness.
B. We can rely on our strengths for happiness.
C. Intelligent people are usually more satisfied.
D. Mental illness should be the focus of psychology.
75.The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. strengths and happiness
B. ways to cultivate happiness
