初中英语语法 · 非谓语动词
现在分词的用法
1. 分词的定义
现在分词是由动词+ing构成的。
现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰，现在分词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。
2. 现在分词的语法作用；
现在分词在句中可以作表语、定语、补足语和状语。
页能加什么偏旁一、作表语：
现在分词作表语，一般表主动或主语的性质和特征，主语多数情况下是物，一般跟在联系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, em, appear等词后，
His speech is exciting.他的演讲令人兴奋。
This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。
而作表语用的现在分词，已经完全变成了形容词，常见的现在分词如下：
moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing, missing, promising等，这些词可以放在系动词后做表语。
二、作定语：
现在分词做定语，表示中心词是该动词的动作发出者，此时的现在分词充当形容词的作用，用来修饰中心词。单个分词作定语时放在中心词前面，分词短语作定语时放在中心词后面。
We e the rising sun every morning. 每天早晨我们都可以看到东升的旭日。
六一儿歌 China is a developing country. 中国是个发展中国家。
the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
Unknown flying object. 不明飞行物。
Plea wake up that sleeping boy. 请叫醒那个睡觉的小孩。
The girl sitting next to him is his sister. 坐他旁边的那女孩是他姐姐。
I'm waiting for the train leaving for Beijing. 我正在等开往北京的火车。
The man standing there is Tom. 站在那儿的人是汤姆。
Did you e the girl dancing with your brother?
We lived in a room facing the south.
钟石 三、作宾语补足语或主语补足语。
现在分词在主动语态句子中作宾语补足语（在被动语态句子中就是主补）。
A、在感官动词feel, hear, notice, obrve, find, e, smell, watch等之后作宾补或主补。如：
I heard my sister singing that song .（宾补）我听到妹妹在唱歌。同仁堂金匮肾气丸
My sister was heard singing that song outside.（主补）
有人听到我妹妹在外面唱歌。
I found John reading that book .（宾补）我发现他正读那本书。
John was found reading that book.（主补）有人看见他读那本书。
We found him waiting to receive us. （宾语补足语）我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
He saw people coming and going.(宾补)
People were en coming and going. (主补)
B、在使役动词get, have, bring(致使), keep(使), leave(使), t(使开始)等之后作宾补或主
补。如：
They kept me waiting for a long time.
I won”t have you shouting at me the way. 我不容许你这样对我喊叫。
The children kept the fire burning all the time. 孩子使火一直燃烧着。
C、在其他动词catch，detect，discover，want等之后作宾补或主补。如：
The manager caught me smoking in the office again. 键盘锁住了
经理又抓住我在办公室抽烟了。
We don”t want you becoming too confident. 我不希望你变得太自信。
四、作状语：
现在分词作状语成分，可以置于句子主体之前或之后。
A：一般来说，表示原因、时间、条件、让步等意义的状语成分多置于句子主体之前，用逗号和主体部分隔开，通常可以转化成相应的状语从句。
1、表示时间，可以转化成时间状语从句：
Walking in the street, I saw him.在街上走路时，我看见了他
=When I was walking in the street, I saw him.
Hearing this good news, he jumped with joy.听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳起来
=When he heard this good news, he jumped with joy.
2、表条件，可以转化成条件状语从句：
小金桔的功效
Working hard, you will succeed.只要努力，你就能取得成功
=If you work hard, you can succeed.
Buying this clothes, you can get that T-shirt for free.买了这衣服，你就能免费得到那T恤
= If you buy this clothes, you can get that T-shirt for free.
3、表原因，可以转化成原因状语从句
Being ill, she did not go to school yesterday.生病了，所以昨天没去学校
=Becau she was ill, she did not go to school yesterday.
Having Left the key at home, he could not enter his office.
钥匙落在家了，他进不了办公室
=Becau he had left the key at home, he could not enter his office.
4、表让步，可以转化成让步状语从句
Having failed many times, he did not lost heart.失败过多次，他仍然不灰心
=Though he had failed many times, he did not lo heart.
Considering for so long a time, he had no idea about it.
考虑了这么久，他也没有弄明白
=Though he considered for so long a time, he had no idea about it.
B：表示结果、方式、伴随等意义的状语成分多置于句子主体之后，可用也可不用逗号与主体部分隔开。
1、表结果
His father died, leaving him a lot of money.
如何制作电子贺卡
他父亲去世了，给他留下了一大笔钱）无私的动物
He fell off his bike, breaking his legs. 他从自行车上摔下，摔断了腿）
2、表方式
Plea answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方式回答这个问题）
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing他们又唱又笑地走进教室
=They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom.
3、表伴随
He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报）
He was awake，thinking of the problem. 他睡不着，思考着那个问题）
注意：现在分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语（即分词动作的发出者）必须要与句中主体部分的主语保持一致。如果逻辑上不能做到一致，必须在分词引导的状语成分中带出分词自身的主语。这种结构就叫做独立主格结构。试比较：
Walking in the street, I saw him.我在街上走路时，我看见了他
He walking in the street, I saw him. 他在街上走路时，我看见了他
He walking in the street（独立主格结构）
He stood there, his head leaning on the tree. 他站在那儿，头靠着树。
C、独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用也是充当一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：
1) 表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
2） 表示条件
The condition permitting, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
