E．宾补动词+宾语+各种补语
引言是什么
和S＋DV＋O＋O句型的直接宾语一样，S＋FV＋O＋C句型中的宾语通常为名词或代词（而补语可以是形容词、名词、地点副词、介词短语、分词或不定式）：
I find John talking with his child．
排球教学I want him to dress like a nice boy．
但这种句型中的宾语间或也可能是不定式、动名词或名词从句。在这种情况下，不定式、动名词或从句应用代词it代替，本身则移到补语后面去，成为it的同位语。
I find it hard to persuade a woman．（不可说I find to persuade a woman hard．）
矩形性质He considers it necessary that a man should know at least one foreign language．（不可说He considers that…language necessary．）
37．S＋FV＋N＋A（John made the hou dirty．）
约有200个宾补动词可用形容词作补语。
a．约有50个宾补动词表示精神活动（有些结构属书面语）：
1）They found the book easy；felt it cold；felt themlves guilty；saw him so sad；learned her gone；discovered the hou empty．业绩提升
2）They thought him honest；fancied themlves right；imagined it easy；suppod it true；presumed it genuine；esteemed themlves happy；considered it easy；figured（or counted）it good；accounted themlves innocent；believed it true；judged it good；concluded him dead；held it cheap；held me dear；conceived themlves safe；knew him honest；took it easy（or ill，amiss）；remembered him still young．
3）They called（or termed）him generous；declared him dead；avowed themlves wrong；pronounced it genuine；profesd themlves mistaken；confesd them-lves guilty；were reputed very generous．
4）They proved it fal；showed themlves honest；certified him insane （or healthy）；guaranteed（or warranted）it pure；pasd him honest；rated
it good；granted it possible；graded his handwritting illegible．
1
5）They feigned themlves ill；pretended themlves innocent；counterfeited themlves crazy；boasted it precious．
6）They wished him dead（or ill，happy）；wanted the hou clean and
tidy；liked their tea very strong；preferred the soup fresh and warm．
b．约有30个宾补动词既不表示精神活动也不表示具体动作：
1）They made him responsible；got the floor dirty；had the tickets ready；had their pockets empty；rendered the work difficult；turned the situation favourable；drove（or t，made）him mad（or wild）；nt me crazy；struck him dead（or dumb，speechless，deaf，blind）；left everything topsy-turvy．
2）They put（or t，brought）things right；kept the room clean；placed him first in maths；bled their parents white；ranked him honourable；cut me dead；marked six of the students abnt．He is aged twenty-six．He's born blind．It is dated May1．
c．至少有50个宾补动词表示具体动作：
1）He pushed（or flung，threw，burst，broke，forced，kicked，held）the door open；slammed the door shut；cut the string short；shot her dead；boiled the eggs hard；opened it wide；beat（or hammered）it flat；washed（or brushed，wiped，licked，swept）it clean；slit the envelope open；beat（or pinched）her black and blue，burned himlf dead；knocked himlf nless；shook me awake．
2）He baked the cake brown；pulled it long；ground it sharp；chopped it short；turned the light low；wrapped it up tight；raid the portrait high；copied it fair；dyed it red；stained it blue；pumped（or squeezed，shook，wrung，drank）it dry；rubbed it smooth；stripped it bare；sliced it thin；stuffed（or filled）his pockets full，burned the bread black．
d．约有20个宾补动词（多由不及物动词变成）表示人的动作，后面常跟自身代词：
They talked（or sang）themlves ill（or hoar）；drank themlves drunk；ate themlves sick；slept themlves sober；read themlves asleep；cried（or wept）themlves blind；laughed themlves red in the face（or hoar）；shouted themlves hoar；walked themlves lame；stripped themlves naked；danced themlves weary，wept themlves sober；studied themlves silly．
2
当宾补动词和形容词都是单音节词，尤其当宾语较长，或包含有疑问词或关系代（副）词时，形容词常紧跟在动词后面：
纵一苇之所如凌万顷之茫然翻译They made good（单音节词）the loss（or their promi）；made clear（or plain）their opinion；let loo their caged birds；laid bare（or open）the enemy's design；laid waste the enemy's country．
He t free all the prisoners of the city（较长宾语），threw open the private garden which they had clod many years；broke open the door which they could not open with the key；cut short the ntence that emed too long．
Who（疑问词）letter are you copying fair？Which string are you going to cut short？What people do you consider great？
He has a grey beard which（关系代词）he shaves clo every five days．He spoke to a woman who husband he was going to t free．He spoke kindly to John，whom he cretly wished ill．
在上述句子中，宾语的补语表示宾补动词所指动作的结果。但在下面句子中，宾语的补语常是when所
引起的从句的紧缩形式。例如alive意思是when he was alive，young 意思是when it was young，约有20个动词常可这样用：
They trapped the animal alive；trained it young．
They took（or caught，saved，buried，burned）him alive．
They usually ate the herb raw；drank their tea very weak；rved the food hot；roasted an ox whole．
The snake swallows its prey whole．
They carried him half-dead to the hospital；returned the pur intact to the owner；bought it ready-made（or cond-hand）；brought the child safe to land；nt me healthy and happy back to my parents．
So可以用来代替任何形容词补语：
“Is it correct？”“I find it so．”“But I don't think it so．”高中毕业鉴定
“He is cunning．”“But I don't call him so．”
Your future will be fine if you decide to make it so．
3
至少有30个及物动词（大多表示精神活动），可以成为宾补动词，但要求形容词前加as：
a．They abandoned it as uless；acknowledged themlves as careless；accepted（or announced）the story as true；censured this chapter as unnecessary；certified the statement（as）correct；construed his reply as unfavourable；counted themlves as（or for）dead（or lost）；criticized him as heartless；declared themlves as clever；denied it as stupid；denounced him as traitorous；decided him as silly；described the ca as rious；designated him as dishonest；couldn't ensure the business as profitable；feigned themlves as ignorant of the robbery；gave me up as（or for）dead （or hopeless）．
b．They held it as valuable；labelled him as dishonest；looked upon the stone as genuine；looked up to him as holy；ranked Shakespeare as the first；reckoned the child as clever；recognized it as important；regard the plan as difficult；reprent the situation as hopeless；e him as trust worthy；t down the advice as valuable；stigmatized him as cruel；warrant the liquor as genuine．
38．S＋FV＋N＋AP（John laughed it away．）
无数的宾补动词可用地点副词（或称副词型小品词）作宾语补语。
这个句型38可以看作是句型7S＋TV．AP＋N的变体。句型7包含3个部分（参阅1341）。TV和AP放在一起，作为一个整体；N可能由3个或更多个重要的词构成。而句型38包含4个部分。句型7的TV变为FV，AP变为补语，起独立作用，并受强调；N包含一个（多为代词）或两个较不重要的词（参阅1364）。
a．He pulled me aside．They t the decision aside（=did not carry it out）．Put it aside（=rerve it）．
He kept the child away from the dog；scolded his maid away；wished me away；bothered the guests away；snatched her letter away．He talked the hours away（＝talked so that the hours flitted away）；wept the night away；dreamed his hours away（=pasd his hours in dreaming）；drank his property away（=drank so much that he became poor）；laughed my fears away
（=dismisd them by laughing）；explained my doubts away．
He called me back；hit me back；answered me back；paid the money back；frowned me back．
4
b．He helped her down；got（or had）it down（=had it written）；took my letter down（=wrote it in short-hand while I dictated it）．The applau brought the hou down（so loud was the applau）．He laughed this idea down（=so that it failed）；talked（or laughed）me down（=talked or laughed so that I couldn't speak or act）；has lived the scandal down（＝lived until it is forgotten by people）．They voted the measure down．Put me（or my name）down for ten dollars（given to a charity）．
c．Send the child home；e her home．He drove the argument home（=made the listeners understand its full force）．
He let us in；rang the guests in．We danced the New Year in；bowed the guests in；count him in，plug the kettle in．She has her pupils in by8a．m．
He saw her off；helped her off with her coat；could bite his tongue off （=regretted having said something wrong）．He turned the lights（or the radio）off；slept the headache（or fatique）off（=slept until he got rid of his headache or fatigue）；walked his meal off；laughed the idea off=（down）；paid his debt off；let me off at the station．
d．He put（or had）his white shirt on；pulled her socks on；helped her on with her coat；left the light on；turned（or switched）the TV on．
He let the dog out；bowed his guests out；found his way out；pushed the window out；had an evening out．He blew the candle out；brought the meaning out（＝made the meaning clear）；cried his heart out；swore his tongue out．He told the cret straight（or right）out；had it out with his enemy（=came to a ttlement with him by frank discussion）．She had her cry（or sleep）out（=cried or slept until she felt satisfied）；sat the show out（＝sat
迷你网
until the show was over）．The wind raged itlf out（=raged until it was exhausted）．
e．He knocked the glass over；helped her over；handed the business over to me；asked me over（＝asked me to call on him）；turned the page over．We talked the matter over（＝discusd it carefully）；thought the matter over；looked the letter over．He counted the the apples over（=again）．he declared the war over（=at an end）．He had his grandson over in Berlin．
f．He slept the clock round（=slept24hours）．
He called his men together；tied all the prisoners together．
5
He read it through（=till the end）；saw the event through；sat the night through；saw your trick through（=was not deceived by it）；waved me through．
He pulled his socks up．He kept his reputation up；brought his children up；looked the word up in the dictionary；locked（or chained，nailed，packed，tore，broke）it up（=thoroughly，completely）．
They cannot keep the revolt under．
39．S＋FV＋N＋N（John called me Lee．）
至少有110个宾补动词用名词作补语。
约有70个宾补动词后面不必跟as．这类动词有些后面可以加as，但也可不加：
a．They made（or crowned，anointed）him King；appointed（or nominated）him （as）Minister of Finance；concrated him archbishop；constituted（or inaugurated）him president；cho（or elected）him（as）their leader；promoted him general；commissioned him general．The King cre
ated him count；dubbed him a knight．He was named assistant；ordained priest；incorporated a member．
b．They call（or name；nickname，dub）him Fatty；christen（or baptize）her“Mary”；term（or style）themlves“Doctors”；label（or brand）him （as）a fool；entitled the book“Words”；phra the failure a“success”，abbreviate New York“NY”；write Peking“Beijing”；mark the
bottle“Poison”；pronounce ski[ i:]．
c．They count（or reckon，esteem）it（as）an honour；consider（or deem）it their duty；suppo（or think，ac-count）her a good girl．
d．They acclaimed（or hailed）him（as）a hero；voted him a good teacher；declared him（as）the saviour of their country；pronounced him（as）a great philanthropist；pro-claimed him（as）a great poet．
e．They admit（or acknowledge，confess，feel）themlves（as）inferiors；show（profess）themlves artists；reveal him（as）a murderer，a monster．南非人
6
