新概念四Lesson 3 Matterhorn man马特霍恩山区人
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded．In the pioneering days, however, this was not the ca at all女员工2对2．The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, becau the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before．It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement．They had a single aim, a solitary goal----the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers．Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be 蛋蜜汁impoverished ttlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains．Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local chee accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coar win
e．Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could---sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with 人间有味shepherds or chee-makers．Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable．For men accustomed to eating ven-cour dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed．
干脆利落
参考译文
现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。他们认为，道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。然而，在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，因为顶峰——特别是前人未曾到过的顶峰——才是他们寻求的目标。确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的困难和危险，而他们装备之简陋足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。但是，他们并非故意寻求这种刺激，他们只有一个目的，唯一的目标——顶峰！
我们今天很难想像昔日的登山先驱们是多么艰苦。除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等一两个很快出了
名的地方外，阿尔卑斯山山区的小村几乎全是高山环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。那里的小客栈一般都很肮脏，而且跳蚤猖獗。食物是当地的干酪和通常存放了一年之久的面包，人们就着劣质酒吞下这种食物。山谷里常常没有小客栈，登山者只好随遇而安。有时同当地牧师（他通常和他的教民一样穷）住在一起，有时同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在一起。无论住在哪儿，情况都一样：肮脏、贫穷，极其不舒适。对于过惯了一顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的人来说，变换一下生活环境来到阿尔卑斯山山区，那一定是很艰难的。
Lesson 6 The sporting spirit体育的精神
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield．Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practiced nowadays are competitive．You play to win, and the gam
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e has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win．On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exerci: but as soon as the question of prestige aris, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lo, the most savage combative instincts are aroud．Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this．At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare．But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themlves into furies over the absurd contests, and riously believe ---- at any rate for short periods ---- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀的时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从具体的事例（例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨，也可以从常理中推断出结论。
现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的。参加比赛就是为了取胜。如果不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。在乡间的草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，并且不涉及任何地方情绪时，那才有可能是单纯为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一旦涉及到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因你输了而丢脸时，那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会被激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有这种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。但是，要紧的还不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众身后各个国家的态度。面对着这些荒唐的比赛，参赛的各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信——至少在短期内如此——跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验。
Lesson 11 How to grow old 如何安度晚年
Some old people are oppresd by the fear of death．In the young there is a justification for this feeling．Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer．But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abjec
t and ignoble．The best way to庆典礼仪 overcome it----so at least it ems to me----is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life．An individual human existence should be like a river----small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls．Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the a, and painlessly lo their individual being．The man who, in old age, can e his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue．And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increas, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome．I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.
参考译文
有些老年人因为怕死而感到烦恼。青年人有这种感觉是情有可原的。有理由害怕自己会死
在战场上的年轻人；想到自己被剥夺了生活所能给予的最美好的东西时，感到痛苦，这是可以理解的。可是老年人已经饱尝了人间的甘苦，一切能做的都做了，如果怕死；就有点儿可怜又可鄙。克服怕死的最好办法——至少在我看来是这样——就是逐渐使自己的兴趣更加广泛，逐渐摆脱个人狭小的圈子，直到自我的围墙一点一点地倒塌下来，自己的生活慢慢地和整个宇宙的生活融合在一起。个人的存在应该像一条河流，开始很小，被紧紧地夹在两岸中间，接着热情奔放地冲过巨石，飞下瀑布。然后河面渐渐地变宽，两岸后撤，河水流得平缓起来，最后连绵不断地汇入大海；毫无痛苦地失去了自我的存在。上了年纪的人这样看待生命，就不会有惧怕死亡的心情了，因为自己关心的一切事物都会继续下去。再者，随着精力的衰退，老年人的疲惫感会增长，有长眠的愿望未尝不是一件好事。我希望工作到死为止，明白了有人会继续我的未竟事业，想到能做的事都做了，也就坦然了。
Lesson 16 The modern city 现代城市
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely伯乐留学 neglected．Modern industry is ba
d on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible．It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced 养蘑菇on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence impod by the factory．The great cities have been built with no regard for us．The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that plea them．This caud the construction of gigantic buildings where too large mass of human beings are crowded together．Civilized men like such a way of living．While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life．The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gas, torn by the noi of the taxicabs, lorries and bus, and thronged cealessly by great crowds．Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.
